Functions of triacylglycerols during plant development and stress

Yang, Yang; Benning, Christoph

doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2017.09.003

Cited by 132 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Altogether, these results suggest that salt treatment promotes degradation of TG comprised in the LD of EBC. This physiological response is contrary to the increased TG abundance typically reported for plant vegetative tissues under stress conditions (Yang & Benning, ), suggesting that decreased TG upon salt treatment may be also an adaptive feature of M. crystallinum to salt tolerance. The overall decrease in the lipid content of salt‐treated EBC (Figure a, middle panel) can be therefore attributed to the lowered amount of TG, which could not be compensated for by the increased content of PL in salt‐treated EBC.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 91%

“…In plants, certain stress conditions have most commonly been linked with TG accumulation, as shown for heat stress, oxidative stress, and prolonged darkness (Higashi, Okazaki, Myouga, Shinozaki, & Saito, ; Fan, Yu, & Xu, ). Physiological functions of stress‐accumulated TG indicate their importance in storage of chemical energy and materials for membrane lipid biosynthesis and remodelling, transient sequestration of free fatty acid (FA), as well as for production of FA‐derived defensive compounds (Shimada, Hayashi, & Hara‐Nishimura, ; Yang & Benning, ), however, a role of TG in salt tolerance has remained understudied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single cell‐type analysis of cellular lipid remodelling in response to salinity in the epidermal bladder cells of the model halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum

Barkla

Garibay-Hernández

Melzer

et al. 2018

Plant Cell & Environment

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Salt stress causes dramatic changes in the organization and dynamic properties of membranes, however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms involved. Modified trichomes, known as epidermal bladder cells (EBC), on the leaves and stems of the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum can be successfully exploited as a single-cell-type system to investigate salt-induced changes to cellular lipid composition. In this study, alterations in key molecular species from different lipid classes highlighted an increase in phospholipid species, particularly those from phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidic acid (PA), where the latter is central to the synthesis of membrane lipids. Triacylglycerol (TG) species decreased during salinity, while there was little change in plastidic galactolipids. EBC transcriptomic and proteomic data mining revealed changes in genes and proteins involved in lipid metabolism and the upregulation of transcripts for PIPKIB, PI5PII, PIPKIII, and phospholipase D delta suggested the induction of signalling processes mediated by phosphoinositides and PA. TEM and flow cytometry showed the dynamic nature of lipid droplets in these cells under salt stress. Altogether, this work indicates that the metabolism of TG might play an important role in EBC response to salinity as either an energy reserve for sodium accumulation and/or driving membrane biosynthesis for EBC expansion.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single cell‐type analysis of cellular lipid remodelling in response to salinity in the epidermal bladder cells of the model halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum

Barkla

Garibay-Hernández

Melzer

et al. 2018

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…Of note, both lpat4-1 lpat5-1 and dgat1-4 showed a similar extent of reduction in TAG content (Figs 7d, 8e,f). Various stresses, including N starvation, trigger the accumulation of TAG that functions in storage of excess free fatty acids produced by membrane degradation to circumvent cellular toxicity (known as cellular vent) (Chapman et al, 2013;Fan et al, 2013;Troncoso-Ponce et al, 2013;Higashi et al, 2015;Yang & Benning, 2018). Both the WT and lpat4-1 lpat5-1 seedlings showed increased TAG content upon N starvation.…”

Section: Role Of Lpat4 and Lpat5 In Seedling Growth Under N Starvationmentioning

confidence: 99%

LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID ACYLTRANSFERASES 4 and 5 are involved in glycerolipid metabolism and nitrogen starvation response in Arabidopsis

2019

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Summary Nitrogen (N) deficiency triggers an accumulation of a storage lipid triacylglycerol (TAG) in seed plants and algae. Whereas the metabolic pathway and regulatory mechanism to synthesize TAG from diacylglycerol are well known, enzymes involved in the supply of diacylglycerol remain elusive under N starvation. Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAT) catalyzes an important step of the de novo phospholipid biosynthesis pathway and thus has a strong flux control in the biosynthesis of phospholipids and TAG. Five LPAT isoforms are known in Arabidopsis; however, the functions of LPAT4 and LPAT5 remain elusive. Here, we show that LPAT4 and LPAT5 are functional endoplasmic‐reticulum‐localized LPATs. Seedlings of the double knockout mutant lpat4‐1 lpat5‐1 showed reduced content of phospholipids and TAG under normal growth condition. Under N starvation, lpat4‐1 lpat5‐1 seedlings showed severer growth defect than the wild‐type in shoot. The phenotype was similar to dgat1‐4, which affects a major TAG biosynthesis pathway and showed similarly reduced TAG content as the lpat4‐1 lpat5‐1. We suggest that LPAT4 and LPAT5 may redundantly function in endoplasmic‐reticulum‐localized de novo glycerolipid biosynthesis for phospholipids and TAG, which is important for the N starvation response in Arabidopsis.

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“…Recent evidence suggest that TAG are not only reserve energy in the plant cell but are also involved in stress responses. They usually serve to transiently sequester free fatty acids that can be harmful to the cell (Fan et al ., ; Yang et al ., ; Yang and Benning, ). In this work, we show that expression of AtTSPO differentially affected TAG accumulation in seeds and in seedlings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The multistress‐induced Translocator protein (TSPO) differentially modulates storage lipids metabolism in seeds and seedlings

et al. 2018

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Translocator proteins (TSPO) are conserved membrane proteins extensively studied in mammals, but their function is still unclear. Angiosperm TSPO are transiently induced by abiotic stresses in vegetative tissues. We showed previously that constitutive expression of the Arabidopsis TSPO (AtTSPO) could be detrimental to the cell. Degradation of AtTSPO requires an active autophagy pathway. We show here that genetic modifications of TSPO expression in plant and yeast cells reduce the levels of cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LD). Transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings overexpressing AtTSPO contain less LD as compared with wild type (WT). LD levels were increased in Arabidopsis AtTSPO knockout (KO) seedlings. Deletion of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe TSPO resulted in an increase in LD level in the cell. As compared with the WT, the mutant strain was more sensitive to cerulenin, an inhibitor of fatty acids and sterol biosynthesis. We found that in contrast with seedlings, overexpression of AtTSPO (OE) resulted in an up to 50% increase in seeds fatty acids as compared with WT. A time course experiment revealed that after 4 days of seed imbibition, the levels of triacylglycerol (TAG) was still higher in the OE seeds as compared with WT or KO seeds. However, the de novo synthesis of phospholipids and TAG after 24 h of imbibition was substantially reduced in OE seeds as compared with WT or KO seeds. Our findings support a plant TSPO role in energy homeostasis in a tissue-specific manner, enhancing fatty acids and LD accumulation in mature seeds and limiting LD levels in seedlings.

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Functions of triacylglycerols during plant development and stress

Cited by 132 publications

References 50 publications

Single cell‐type analysis of cellular lipid remodelling in response to salinity in the epidermal bladder cells of the model halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum

Single cell‐type analysis of cellular lipid remodelling in response to salinity in the epidermal bladder cells of the model halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum

LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID ACYLTRANSFERASES 4 and 5 are involved in glycerolipid metabolism and nitrogen starvation response in Arabidopsis

The multistress‐induced Translocator protein (TSPO) differentially modulates storage lipids metabolism in seeds and seedlings

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