Fundamental and molecular composition characteristics of biochars produced from sugarcane and rice crop residues and by-products

Jeong, Chang Yoon; Dodla, Syam K.; Wang, Jim J.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.084

Cited by 173 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Compared to those of CM600, slight decreases in SSA and total pore volume were observed for CM800, due likely to the collapse of the pore structures at 800°C. These results are similar to those reported by Jeong et al (2016), who found a slight decrease in SSA in sugarcane leaves/trash when the carbonization temperature was increased to 650°C. The total pore volumes of RCM and CM samples increased from 0.007 to 0.090 cm 3 /g with increased temperatures (Table S1).…”

Section: Characterizations Of the Carbonized Cmssupporting

confidence: 82%

Removal of sulfamethazine antibiotics using cow manure-based carbon adsorbents

Tzeng

Liu

Deng

et al. 2016

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Low-cost adsorbents, e.g., cow manure-based carbon, provide alternatives to remove veterinary antibiotic sulfamethazine (SMT) from contaminated water bodies. In this study, the chemical structures and compositions of cow manure (CM) carbonized at 400, 600, and 800°C (CM400, CM600, and CM800) were examined using elemental analyzer (EA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, and spectroscopic techniques. Adsorptions of SMT on CM samples were conducted as functions of pH, hydrophobicity, and ionic strengths. Results of EA and spectroscopic analyses suggested that the raw CM and CM400 samples contained the highest amounts of O-containing groups and aliphatic domains. Amounts of such two chemical groups decreased as carbonization temperatures increased. The specific surface areas and total pore volumes of CM samples increased significantly when the carbonization temperatures exceeded 600°C. SMT adsorption on CM samples could be described essentially by the pseudo-second-order kinetic, intra-particle diffusion, and Freundlich isotherm models. Low pH and ionic strength were favorable for SMT adsorption in CM samples, particularly for the CM800, because a strong p ? -p electron donor-acceptor interaction (p ? -p EDA) was formed between SMT and CM surfaces enriched with hydrophobic domains. Further, the high adsorption affinity of SMT to the CM600 and CM800 samples was attributed in part to their larger surface areas and total pore volumes. Generally, CM-based materials carbonized [600°C showed relatively stable structures and exhibited strong aromatic properties. Moreover, maximum adsorption capacities of SMT on the CM800 sample (37-39 mM/kg) were significantly higher than those of other common adsorbents (0.02-35.93 mM/kg).

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Section: Characterizations Of the Carbonized Cmssupporting

confidence: 82%

Removal of sulfamethazine antibiotics using cow manure-based carbon adsorbents

Tzeng

Liu

Deng

et al. 2016

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…We can also infer that BPM pyrolysed at 650˚C is more efficient in GHGs mitigation, since this procedure will increase surface area, ash content and stability of the biochar [48] and [49], reducing, CO 2 emissions, mostly at higher applied rates. In a study with biochar from sugar cane straw, [50] observed an 80% loss of N from the material, using a pyrolysis temperature of 750˚C. These authors reached a C/N ratio of 47 after using pyrolysis at 450˚C, whereas the C/N ratio was 280 when pyrolyzed at 750˚C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Tropical Soils Amended with Poultry Manure and Sugar Cane Straw Biochars

Novais¹,

Zenero²,

Frade³

et al. 2017

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Increases in greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, upon changes in land use and agricultural management, lead to a search for techniques that enhance carbon residence time in soil. Pyrolysis increases the recalcitrance of organic materials and enhances their activities as physical, chemical and biological soil conditioners. Emissions of CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O quantified from a sandy soil that was treated with three rates (12.5, 25 e 50 Mg•ha −1 ) of either non-pyrolysed poultry manure and sugarcane straw or biochars, pyrolysed at two contrasting temperatures (350˚C and 650˚C). Subsequently, the flux of the three gases was converted and compared in a standard unit (CO 2 eq). The added biochars, significantly reduced GHG emissions, especially CO 2 , relative to the non-pyrolysed materials. The greatest differences between applied rates of poultry manure, relative sugarcane straw, both to biochar and raw material, and the positive response to the increase of pyrolysis temperture, confirm the importance of raw material choice for biochar production, with recalcitrance being an important initial characteristic. Greater emissions occurred with intermediate rate of biochars (25 Mg•ha −1 ) amendment to the soil. These intermediate rates had higher microbial biomass, provided by an intermediate C/N ratio derived from the original soil and the biochar, promoting combined levels of labile C and oxygen availability, leading to an optimal environment for microbiota.

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“…When the pyrolysis temperature increased from 300 to 400 °C, the rupture of the hemicellulose along with other organic compounds generated more micropores within biochar (Figure 3b) [48], thus, an increase in the surface area and pore volumes was found in BC400. …”

Section: Surface Area and Pore Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Temperature on the Structural and Physicochemical Properties of Biochar with Apple Tree Branches as Feedstock Material

2017

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Abstract:The objective of this study was to study the structure and physicochemical properties of biochar derived from apple tree branches (ATBs), whose valorization is crucial for the sustainable development of the apple industry. ATBs were collected from apple orchards located on the Weibei upland of the Loess Plateau and pyrolyzed at 300, 400, 500 and 600 • C (BC300, BC400, BC500 and BC600), respectively. Different analytical techniques were used for the characterization of the different biochars. In particular, proximate and element analyses were performed. Furthermore, the morphological, and textural properties were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Boehm titration and nitrogen manometry. In addition, the thermal stability of biochars was also studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicated that the increasing temperature increased the content of fixed carbon (C), the C content and inorganic minerals (K, P, Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg), while the yield, the content of volatile matter (VM), O and H, cation exchange capacity, and the ratios of O/C and H/C decreased. Comparison between the different samples show that highest pH and ash content were observed in BC500. The number of acidic functional groups decreased as a function of pyrolysis temperature, especially for the carboxylic functional groups. In contrast, a reverse trend was found for the basic functional groups. At a higher temperature, the brunauer-emmett-teller (BET) surface area and pore volume are higher mostly due to the increase of the micropore surface area and micropore volume. In addition, the thermal stability of biochars also increased with the increasing temperature. Hence, pyrolysis temperature has a strong effect on biochar properties, and therefore biochars can be produced by changing pyrolysis temperature in order to better meet their applications.

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Fundamental and molecular composition characteristics of biochars produced from sugarcane and rice crop residues and by-products

Cited by 173 publications

References 39 publications

Removal of sulfamethazine antibiotics using cow manure-based carbon adsorbents

Removal of sulfamethazine antibiotics using cow manure-based carbon adsorbents

Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Tropical Soils Amended with Poultry Manure and Sugar Cane Straw Biochars

Effect of Temperature on the Structural and Physicochemical Properties of Biochar with Apple Tree Branches as Feedstock Material

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