Fundamental aspects of nuclear reactor fuel elements

Olander, D.R.

doi:10.2172/7343826

Cited by 769 publications

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“…The van der Waals equation of state is most commonly applied to describe the thermodynamic state of fission xenon in the gas poresC 15 l. It can be expressed by equilibrium and excess pressure:…”

Section: Rim Pore Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thermal conductivity of the fully dense U02 matrix containing solid fission products, k0 , is obtained as follows from the one for 95% density U02 fuel, k95, by using the modified Loeb's expression that depends on fuel temperature and is valid up to 9 vol% of the bubble volumeC 18 l: The thermal conductivity of the pores in Eq. (18) can be replaced by the thermal conductivity of xenonC 15 ) expressed by (20) where T K is the fuel temperature in K. Figure 7 illustrates the effect of rim on the thermal conductivity of U02 fuel as a function of temperature. Thermal conductivity, without considering the rim effect, was calculated by the HALDEN model of Eq.…”

Section: Rim Effect On Thermal Conductivity Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rim Characteristics and Their Effects on the Thermal Conductivity in High Burnup UO₂Fuel

Lee

Koo

Sohn

2001

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology

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Characteristics of high burnup U02 fuel such as threshold burnup for the formation of high burnup microstructure (rim), rim average burnup and rim width were estimated and then the thermal conductivity degradation due to the porous rim region was investigated.The threshold burnup for rim formation was estimated as a function of temperature and fission rate using Rest's model. The calculated threshold burnup, which shows a particular dependence on temperature, ranges from 40 to 50MWd/kgU at typical fuel periphery temperatures of 400 to 600°C. In addition, the rim average burnup and the rim width were obtained by statistical analysis of the data available in open literature.To consider the additional degradation of thermal conductivity in. the rim region, a formula for rim porosity was presented with the assumption that rim pores are overpressurized and that all the produced fission gases are retained in the rim pores.To estimate the thermal conductivity in the porous rim using the general correction method applicable to two-phase structure, it was assumed that the rim region consists of pores and fully dense materials composed of U02 matrix and solid fission products. Then by combining the general model for two-phase with the rim porosity developed in the present paper and HALDEN's thermal conductivity model, a thermal conductivity model for the porous rim region was developed.The predicted thermal conductivity shows an additional reduction of ~20% due to the porous rim structure which would cause to increase the fuel temperature of high burnup fuel during steady-state operation and transient irradiation.

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Section: Rim Pore Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rim Effect On Thermal Conductivity Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rim Characteristics and Their Effects on the Thermal Conductivity in High Burnup UO₂Fuel

Lee

Koo

Sohn

2001

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology

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“…Numerous reviews (6)(7)(8) and conferences (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) have addressed the subject. Olander (20) has recently reviewed many aspects of nuclear reactor fuel element behavior of which three chapters deal with radiation effects on cladding. The well-organized presentation in this volume provides an excellent introduction to the current literature.…”

Section: The Question Naturally Arises "What Happens To Other Importantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observation that large swellings are produced during ion bombardment in the absence of preinjection seems consistent with this fact. Some have postulated that the swelling incubation period [i.e., the fluence threshold 10^2 n/cm^) is related to the time required to build up an appropriate concentration of helium (20). Precipitates may also play an important role in void nucleation.…”

Section: Void and Loop Nucleationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of minor alloying additions on the strength and swelling behavior of an austenitic stainless steel

Gessel

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Ion Implantation

Walter

Nastasi

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Ion implantation has been used as a research tool since about 1960, as an indispensable part of integrated circuit production since the mid‐1960s, and as a method for beneficially modifying surface sensitive properties since the early 1970s. Ion implantation processes are known to be low temperature (if desired), highly controllable, and reproducible processes capable of exceeding thermodynamic constraints on the types of materials created at, or on, a material's surface. Outside the traditional semiconductor applications for the introduction of dopants into silicon, ion implantation technology has found other applications as a method for modifying the mechanical or chemical properties of material surfaces. In this article the fundamental underlying physical concepts of ion implantation are reviewed, namely, ion stopping, ion range, implanted concentration, channeling, radiation damage, radiation enhanced diffusion, and sputtering. A brief overview of the application of ion implantation to problems in tribology, fatigue, catalysis, and corrosion is provided. As further advances in both the application and the technology of ion implantation are made, and the economic values become realized, interest in ion implantation processes is expected to expand rapidly. In response to anticipated future interest, the state of ion implantation technology and the economic issues associated with the application of ion implantation technology at the industrial level are discussed. Vol. 14, pp. 783–814, 203 refs. to April 1994.

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Fundamental aspects of nuclear reactor fuel elements

Cited by 769 publications

References 0 publications

Rim Characteristics and Their Effects on the Thermal Conductivity in High Burnup UO₂Fuel

Rim Characteristics and Their Effects on the Thermal Conductivity in High Burnup UO₂Fuel

Effects of minor alloying additions on the strength and swelling behavior of an austenitic stainless steel

Ion Implantation

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Fundamental aspects of nuclear reactor fuel elements

Cited by 769 publications

References 0 publications

Rim Characteristics and Their Effects on the Thermal Conductivity in High Burnup UO2Fuel

Rim Characteristics and Their Effects on the Thermal Conductivity in High Burnup UO2Fuel

Effects of minor alloying additions on the strength and swelling behavior of an austenitic stainless steel

Ion Implantation

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Product

Resources

About

Rim Characteristics and Their Effects on the Thermal Conductivity in High Burnup UO₂Fuel

Rim Characteristics and Their Effects on the Thermal Conductivity in High Burnup UO₂Fuel