Fundamental Aspects of the Development of a Model of an Integrated Health Care System for the Prevention of Iron Deficiency Anemia among Adolescent Girls: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in adolescent girls is a problem that has not been resolved. This study aimed to explore the critical aspects of an integrated health care system model for preventing IDA in adolescent girls in a rural area of Indonesia. This qualitative research employed a grounded theory approach in order to build a substantive theory. This study used in-depth interviews with adolescents, parents, teachers, health workers, and persons in charge of adolescent programs at the health office, education office, and ministry of religion. Purposive sampling was performed until data saturation was achieved. Codes, categories, and themes were generated through thematic data analysis to develop a substantive theory. Data analysis was performed using MAXQDA 2022 software. A total of 41 people participated in this study. This investigation generated twenty-two categories and seven themes. These themes relate to policymaker commitments, stakeholder governance, quality, adolescents’ lifestyles, adolescents’ self-factors, adolescents’ access to health services, and social support. The themes identified become fundamental aspects of the integrated health care system model for preventing IDA in adolescent girls. The model of the integrated health care system consists of several essential points, which include awareness and efforts from policymakers and adolescent girls, supported by parents, teachers, and the community.

Prevention and Management of Iron Deficiency/Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Women: An Asian Expert Consensus

“…Relative to pregnant women and adolescent females who are widely recognized as two groups most vulnerable to ID/IDA [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], many clinicians do not identify adult and perimenopausal women as ‘high-risk’ despite the fact that approximately 40% of non-pregnant women have low iron stores [ 25 ]. In addition, many national and international guidelines recognize the importance of screening and treating ID/IDA associated with heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), which is estimated to affect 18–38% of women of reproductive age, and is higher among perimenopausal women [ 26 ].…”

Uncovering Determinant of Anaemia Among Adolescent Girls

“…The consequences of longevity during adolescence can have longterm effects on girls' health and productivity as they transition into adulthood 42 . The socioeconomic impact is that Anemia can perpetuate the cycle of poverty by affecting adolescent girls' ability to participate fully in education and later in the workforce 43 . Various interventions have been studied and implemented to prevent Anemia in teenage girls, including dietary interventions, deworming, micronutrient fortification, and iron-folic acid supplementation 39,41,42 .…”

Dampak konsumsi biskuit kelor dan plasebo pada siswi dengan kebiasaan konsumsi teh sesudah makan terhadap peningkatan kadar hemoglobin

“…2 Namun, hingga saat ini, anemia defisiensi besi pada remaja putri merupakan masalah yang belum terselesaikan. 3 Salah satu faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap beban penyakit global adalah anemia defisiensi besi. 4,5 Meskipun ada tindakan khusus seperti mendorong konsumsi makanan kaya zat besi melalui perubahan pola makan, pendidikan gizi, pengobatan dan pencegahan infeksi parasit, suplementasi zat besi mingguan untuk mencegah anemia defisiensi zat besi, dan meningkatkan status zat besi di kalangan remaja putri, dampak anemia di kalangan remaja putri masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di seluruh dunia.…”