Fundamental electrical standards and the quantum metrological triangle

Piquemal, F.; Bounouh, Alexandre; Devoille, Laurent; Feltin, Nicolas; Thevenot, O.; Trapon, G.

doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2004.08.006

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 95 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…that is, a standard range of operation temperature, we obtain a thermal error rate of ∼10 −10 , which is sufficiently small compared with the requested ∼10 −8 accuracy of the metrological source 4 . The analysis above neglects several types of error.…”

mentioning

confidence: 80%

“…In the so-called metrological triangle, voltage from the Josephson effect and resistance from the quantum Hall effect would be tested against current via Ohm's law for a consistency check of the fundamental constants of nature,h and e (ref. 4). Several attempts to create a metrological current source that would comply with the demanding criteria of extreme accuracy, high yield and implementation with not too many control parameters have been reported [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Hybrid single-electron transistor as a source of quantized electric current

Pekola¹,

Vartiainen²,

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The basis of synchronous manipulation of individual electrons in solid-state devices was laid by the rise of single electronics about two decades ago 1-3 . Ultrasmall structures in a low-temperature environment form an ideal domain for addressing electrons one by one. In the so-called metrological triangle, voltage from the Josephson effect and resistance from the quantum Hall effect would be tested against current via Ohm's law for a consistency check of the fundamental constants of nature,h and e (ref. 4). Several attempts to create a metrological current source that would comply with the demanding criteria of extreme accuracy, high yield and implementation with not too many control parameters have been reported [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] . Here, we propose and prove the unexpected concept of a hybrid normal-metalsuperconductor turnstile in the form of a one-island singleelectron transistor with one gate, which demonstrates robust current plateaux at multiple levels of e f at frequency f .Synchronized sources, where current I is related to frequency by I = N ef and N is the integer number of electrons injected in one period, are the prime candidates for the devices to define one ampere in quantum metrology. The accuracy of these devices is based on the discreteness of the electron charge and the high accuracy of frequency determined from atomic clocks. Modern methods are replacing classical definitions of electrical quantities; voltage can be derived on the basis of the a.c. Josephson effect of superconductivity 12 and resistance by the quantum Hall effect 13,14 , but one ampere still needs to be determined via the mutual force exerted by the leads carrying the current. Early proposals of current pumps for quantum metrology were based on arrays of mesoscopic metallic tunnel junctions 5,6 , in which small currents could eventually be pumped at very low error rates 7 . However, these multijunction devices are hard to control and relatively slow 15 . Thus, the quest for feasible implementation with a possibility of parallel architecture for higher yield have led to alternative solutions such as surface-acoustic-wave-driven one-dimensional channels 8 , superconducting devices 11,16-21 and semiconducting quantum dots 22 . These do produce large currents in the nano-ampere range but their accuracy is still limited.Surprisingly, a simple hybrid single-electron transistor, with a small normal-metal (N) island and superconducting (S) leads, has been overlooked in this context. As demonstrated here, an SNS transistor, or alternatively an NSN transistor, see Fig. 1, presents a robust turnstile for electrons showing current plateaux at multiples of ef . We emphasize here that a one-island turnstile does not work even in principle without the hybrid design. An important feature in the present system is that hybrid tunnel junctions suppress tunnelling in an energy range determined by the gap ∆ in the density of states of the superconductor, see Fig. 1d bottom inset; current through a junction vanishes as long as |V J | ∼ < ∆/e...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 80%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid single-electron transistor as a source of quantized electric current

Pekola¹,

Vartiainen²,

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Des tests sont actuellement en cours avec des matériaux de natures différentes (2DEGs III-V GaAs/AlGaAs de propriétés différentes, 2DEG II-VI HgTe/HgCdTe,...). Enfin, le LNE a entrepris des études plus prospectives concernant l'étude de l'EHQ dans le graphène [24] [9,27].…”

Section: La Métrologie éLectrique Quantiqueunclassified

“…Dans le domaine de la métrologie électrique, le LNE est l'un des rares LNM a posséder une activité sur les trois étalons quantiques électriques (intensité de courant, tension et résistance) [9]. Pour cela, il a été nécessaire, d'une part, de poursuivre les efforts dans la maîtrise de l'effet Josephson et de l'effet Hall quantique pour les éta-lons primaires de tension et de résistance, et d'autre part de développer un étalon de courant fondé sur un troisième effet quantique : l'effet tunnel mono-électronique (voir § 2) [10].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

TRIMET : fermeture du triangle métrologique quantique à un niveau d'incertitude relative de 10–6

Feltin¹,

Steck²,

Devoille³

et al. 2011

R. franç. métrol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

RésuméNous présentons les principaux résultats obtenus dans le cadre du projet ANR-TRIMET dont l'objectif était la fermeture du triangle mé-trologique quantique (TMQ) à un niveau d'incertitude relative de 10 −6 . L'expérience du TMQ consiste à réaliser une loi d'Ohm en utilisant les trois effets quantiques impliqués en métrologie électrique : l'effet Josephson (EJ), l'effet Hall quantique (EHQ) et l'effet tunnel à un élec-tron (SET). Le but est de vérifier la cohérence des constantes phéno-ménologiques K J , R K , Q X , associées respectivement à ces trois effets et théoriquement exprimées en fonctions des deux constantes fondamentales, h et e (constante de Planck et charge élémentaire). Cette expé-rience est une contribution importante à une redéfinition du Système international d'unités (SI). Nous montrons aussi que la fermeture du TMQ permettra la mise en oeuvre d'une nouvelle détermination de la charge élémentaire, e.

show abstract

“…The aim of the QMT experiments is to check the consistency of the constants involved in the three quantum phenomena which are strongly believed to provide the free space values of h/e 2 , 2e/h and e. In practice, the experiments determine the dimensionless product R K K J Q X , expected to be equal to 2, where the constant Q X is defined as an estimate of the elementary charge, Q X = e| SET , by analogy to the definitions of Josephson and von Klitzing constants, K J = 2e/h | JE and R K = h/e 2 | QHE [74,75]. Checking the equality R K K J Q X = 2 with an uncertainty of one part in 10 8 will be a relevant test of the validity of the three theories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%