Fundamental Errors in Legal Logic Programming

Leith, Philip

doi:10.1093/comjnl/29.6.545

Cited by 46 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…At the time of the BNAP's initial implementation (1983) no mechanism was built into the program to incorporate relevant case law as it came into being [Sergot et al 1986]. Should the accumulation of case law lead to changes in the way the Act is interpreted-say, by granting new subgroups British citizenship-BNAP would systematically misinform members of this subgroup regarding their status as British citizens [Leith 1986]. Again, we identify this bias as emergent because it depends on a shift in the social context, in this instance one concerning knowledge within the legal community.…”

Section: Bias In Computer Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bias in computer systems

Friedman

Nissenbaum

1996

ACM Trans. Inf. Syst.

855

354

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From an analysis of actual cases, three categories of bias in computer systems have been developed: preexisting, technical, and emergent. Preexisting bias has its roots in social institutions, practices, and attitudes. Technical bias arises from technical constraints or considerations. Emergent bias arises in a context of use. Although others have pointed to bias in particular computer systems and have noted the general problem, we know of no comparable work that examines this phenomenon comprehensively and which offers a framework for understanding and remedying it. We conclude by suggesting that freedom from bias should be counted among the select set of criteria-including reliability, accuracy, and efficiencyaccording to which the quality of systems in use in society should be judged.

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Section: Bias In Computer Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bias in computer systems

Friedman

Nissenbaum

1996

ACM Trans. Inf. Syst.

855

354

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“…Legal expert systems have been acerbically, and convincingly, criticised for presenting an excessively simplified version of the legal process [89,90]: 'there can be no algorithm which can be specified which can guide the system to decide what is honest and what is dishonest -the legal world, as lawyers know, is not that simple. Children and computer scientists might believe it to be, but that is a different matter' [90, p.31].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Note on the Literal Intelligence of Computers and Documents

Warner

1991

Journal of Documentation

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If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation.

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“…An economic imperative for the successful synergy of the disciplines of artificial intelligence and law has arisen [5].The search for a successful synergy has been the "Holy Grail" quest that has exercised the energies of scholars and researchers over decades. Some commentators have argued that the 2 disciplines are fundamentally incompatible [6]. Whilst there have been some successful applications in the legal domain [8], these have been in relatively narrowly-defined and selected areas of the law.…”

Section: The Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Next Generation of Legal Expert Systems - New Dawn or False Dawn?

Stevens

Barot

Carter

2010

Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XXVII

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Attempts to apply conventional rule-based expert systems to legal problem-solving raise seemingly insurmountable obstacles. The authors analyse the key challenges of developing a legal expert system by reference to a case study of issues arising in their prototype system, the JAES project. This paper explores the advantages of exploiting three alternative approaches-namely: case-based reasoning, blackboard architecture, and service-oriented architecture for the next generation of legal expert systems. The authors advocate the use of hybrid architecture to address the complexity and dynamic nature of the legal domain. The paper evaluates the extent to which these enhancements can meet the special complexities of the legal domain.

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Fundamental Errors in Legal Logic Programming

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Bias in computer systems

Bias in computer systems

A Note on the Literal Intelligence of Computers and Documents

The Next Generation of Legal Expert Systems - New Dawn or False Dawn?

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