Fundamental optical attenuation limits in the liquid and glassy state with application to fiber optical waveguide materials

Pinnow, D. A.; Rich, T. C.; Ostermayer, F. W.; DiDomenico, M.

doi:10.1063/1.1654495

Cited by 179 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The phosphosilicate core composition was also novel and was found to have very low loss, very low scattering, and was much cheaper than germania doping. In addition, the measured transmission loss was lower than had been predicted [23] for pure silica! Word of our success reached Bell Telephone Laboratories where a similar process had been devised which they called "modified chemical vapor deposition," a term which is now generally used.…”

Section: The World Takes Noticementioning

confidence: 51%

The rise and rise of optical fibers

Gambling

2000

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

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During the second half of the 20th Century there were several technological revolutions, one of the most important being the supplanting of telecommunication over copper wires, and of much satellite communication, by optical transmission over glass fibers. This has transformed, and continues to transform, our handling of information. It has, along with software and microelectronics, created the information society.Index Terms-Erbium fiber amplifier, fiber materials and fabrication, history of optical communications, integrated fiber circuits, optical fibers.

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Section: The World Takes Noticementioning

confidence: 51%

The rise and rise of optical fibers

Gambling

2000

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

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“…R d is expressed in Eq. (15) from the refractive index n, optical elastic modulus p, Holtzman constant k, and the isothermal compressibility β T at the fictive temperature [33,34]. The fictive temperature T f is a physical quantity that reflects the size of the thermal disorder of the glass structure and depends on the glass composition and the thermal hysteresis during fabrication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical properties of multicomponent oxide glasses and glass fibers

Tsujikawa

Ohashi

Tajima

2003

Electron. Comm. Jpn. Pt. I

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SUMMARYWe experimentally studied the optical properties of multicomponent oxide glasses that contain metallic components, such as potassium and sodium, and their glass fibers. The Rayleigh scattering coefficients of glasses such as Na 2 O-B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 (NBS), K 2 O-MgO-SiO 2 (KMS), K 2 ONa 2 O-MgO-SiO 2 (KNMS) are smaller than that of pure quartz glass. In particular, the Rayleigh scattering coefficient of KNMS glass was significantly lower at 38% of the value for pure quartz glass. This is believed to be the result of suppressing the composition fluctuations of KNMS glass by the mixed alkali effect. Furthermore, we studied the absorption properties of OH group impurities included in multicomponent oxide glasses. In particular, we fabricated NAS glass fibers that substituted the OH group impurity with an OD group (deuterium) by the double crucible method and verified a loss reduction of about 800 dB/km at the 1.55-µm wavelength. Through these studies, we clearly showed that the absorption losses of the OH group that hydrogen bonds to nonbridging oxygen clearly affected the increase in the 1.55-µm band loss in multicomponent oxide glass fibers.

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“…Using the determined values of n, ρ, p 12 , and ν L (Table 1), we calculated the coefficient of extinction and the spectral dependence of the intrinsic optical losses as α R , An 8 (λ)/λ 4 , where A = (8π 3 /3kT)(p 12 2 /ρν L 2 ) is a quantity that is constant for the given composition. Figure According to [16,17,24], the materials with relatively high refraction indices, elastooptical constant, and isothermal compressibility obtained at higher temperatures (of melting, softening, or annealing) will yield larger losses. From this point of view, it would be more preferable to use, as optical materials, the materials of nonstoichiometric (relative to As 2 S 3 ) compositions, since an increase in the content of sulfur in them leads to a substantial decrease in the indicated parameters.…”

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“…In the calculations, we took into account the dispersion of the refractive indices of the glasses. The spectral interval 2.50-0.25 eV, for which the calculations were performed, is limited on the shortwave side by the edge of fundamental absorption and on the longwave side by the multiphonon IR absorption, i.e., these are the regions where, according to the estimates of [16][17][18], minimal optical losses could be attained in the alloys studied. Minimal optical losses for these alloys are observed in the wavelength range 4.75-5.00 µm and are in good agreement with the calculated values of the Note.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…For the glasses of the system considered, a theoretical estimate of minimal optical losses [13][14][15], in which the contributions to the light scattering of electronic, multiphonon absorption, and Rayleigh scattering α R were taken into account, was obtained and also experimental investigations of the level of losses on certain laser lines were carried out [16][17][18]. The problem of estimating the level of minimal optical losses in chalcogenide glasslike semiconductors and the dominating role of one mechanism or another is open and urgent at the present time.…”

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Rayleigh and Mandelstam-Brillouin light scattering in chalcogenide glasses of the As-S system

et al. 2004

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The Rayleigh light scattering in chalcogenide glasslike alloys of the As-S system is investigated. The velocities of longitudinal hypersound, elasto-optical constants, extinction coefficients, and scattering losses have been determined. It is shown that an increase in the amount of sulfur in alloys leads to an increase in chemical differentiation and, as a result, to an increase in the intensity of Rayleigh scattering and in inherent optical losses.Introduction. The current progress in optical instrument engineering and techniques of median and far-IR ranges (2-25 µm) has given impetus to studying the optical properties of chalcogenide glasslike semiconductors (CGS) as optical materials that satisfy the most stringent requirements when being used as active or passive elements of optoelectronics. A significant part of chalcogenide glasslike semiconductors have good chemical and radiation stability, crystallization resistance, and high transparency, making it possible to synthesize materials with a wide range of optical and physicochemical parameters by changing the type and quantitative relationships between the cation and anion components of the glasses.At the present time, the widest practical usage has been gained by glasslike alloys of the As-S system. They are employed in fiber optics, laser IR-range techniques, optical pyrometry and infrared imaging, medicinal diagnosis, and gas analysis [1-6]. Attainment of the minimum possible (at a level of 0.2 dB/km at λ = 1.55 µm) fundamental optical losses in fused quartz has stimulated a considerable increase in investigations of materials transparent in a more

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Fundamental optical attenuation limits in the liquid and glassy state with application to fiber optical waveguide materials

Cited by 179 publications

References 9 publications

The rise and rise of optical fibers

The rise and rise of optical fibers

Optical properties of multicomponent oxide glasses and glass fibers

Rayleigh and Mandelstam-Brillouin light scattering in chalcogenide glasses of the As-S system

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