Fundamental physics and applications of skyrmions: A review

Wang, Kang; Bheemarasetty, Vineetha; Duan, Junhang; Zhou, Shiyu; Xiao, Gang

doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2022.169905

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 270 publications

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“…Lastly, it has been predicted that storing information as the handedness of the toroidal ordering can substantially enhance the density of stored information by up to five orders of magnitude (due to the greatly suppressed cross-talk between the information carriers) 15 . Moreover, due to the unique topological nature, polar skyrmions are expected to show enhanced stability over time, and their distinct topological protection renders them highly metastable in environments with field polarization with minimal energy dissipation 68 . If combined with the PTMO state we observed, our observation of nontrivial polar structures (fractional skyrmions and a spiral Bloch point structure) in 3D ferroelectric nanostructures without epitaxial strain can open a door towards even higher capacity storage devices, since it allows the doubling of the memory capacity by separately controlling the linear polarity and chirality, which can carry a bit of information 37 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the three-dimensional arrangement of polar topology in nanoparticles

Jeong,

Lee,

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

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In the early 2000s, low dimensional ferroelectric systems were predicted to have topologically nontrivial polar structures, such as vortices or skyrmions, depending on mechanical or electrical boundary conditions. A few variants of these structures have been experimentally observed in thin film model systems, where they are engineered by balancing electrostatic charge and elastic distortion energies. However, the measurement and classification of topological textures for general ferroelectric nanostructures have remained elusive, as it requires mapping the local polarization at the atomic scale in three dimensions. Here we unveil topological polar structures in ferroelectric BaTiO3 nanoparticles via atomic electron tomography, which enables us to reconstruct the full three-dimensional arrangement of cation atoms at an individual atom level. Our three-dimensional polarization maps reveal clear topological orderings, along with evidence of size-dependent topological transitions from a single vortex structure to multiple vortices, consistent with theoretical predictions. The discovery of the predicted topological polar ordering in nanoscale ferroelectrics, independent of epitaxial strain, widens the research perspective and offers potential for practical applications utilizing contact-free switchable toroidal moments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the three-dimensional arrangement of polar topology in nanoparticles

Jeong,

Lee,

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

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“…In addition, the superior features of the biskyrmions obtained in our HoCo 3 ferrimagnets are high density, zero fields, and broad temperature range. Because of their good stability and unique dynamic characteristics, and their ability to be regulated using magnetic and electric fields, current, and other methods, magnetic skyrmions are expected to become advanced information carriers with high density and low energy consumption for nonvolatile information storage and logic operation ( 16 , 62 ). The biskyrmion has the characteristics of a soliton and can migrate in magnetic materials under the action of an external electric field, external spin-polarized current, and laser.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-density, spontaneous magnetic biskyrmions induced by negative thermal expansion in ferrimagnets

Song,

Xu,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Sci. Adv.

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Magnetic skyrmions are topologically protected quasiparticles that are promising for applications in spintronics. However, the low stability of most magnetic skyrmions leads to either a narrow temperature range in which they can exist, a low density of skyrmions, or the need for an external magnetic field, which greatly limits their wide application. In this study, high-density, spontaneous magnetic biskyrmions existing within a wide temperature range and without the need for a magnetic field were formed in ferrimagnets owing to the existence of a negative thermal expansion of the lattice. Moreover, a strong connection between the atomic-scale ferrimagnetic structure and nanoscale magnetic domains in Ho(Co,Fe) 3 was revealed via in situ neutron powder diffraction and Lorentz transmission electron microscopy measurements. The critical role of the negative thermal expansion in generating biskyrmions in HoCo 3 based on the magnetoelastic coupling effect is further demonstrated by comparing the behavior of HoCo 2.8 Fe 0.2 with a positive thermal expansion.

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“…Magnetic skyrmions have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation information carriers due to various advantages such as low power, small physical size, topological stability, and extremely low depinning current density. 75 Skyrmions are vortex-like noncollinear spin textures (Fig. 25) with nanoscale dimensions that make them a highly attractive option for information storage, processing, and transmission devices.…”

Section: Synaptic Devices For a Fcnnmentioning

confidence: 99%