Fundamental Research for the Pharmacological Activity of Oriental Drugs. II. : On the Antispasmodic Activity in the Several Kinds of the Crude Drug "Bezoar Orientale" and in Its Every Fractional Extract

Inhibitory Effects of Bezoar Bovis on Intimal Formation and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation in Rat

“…It is also used together with Venenum Bufonis (Chan-su in Chinese and Sen-so in Japanese) to improve the symptoms of heart palpitation in Japanese self-medications under the name of Rokushin-gan. It has been reported that Bezoar Bovis inhibits low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation (Shimizu et al, 1999), liver injury (Morishita et al, 1988;Nakashima et al, 1996), and smooth muscle contraction (Kimura et al, 1966). However, whether Bezoar Bovis prevents atherosclerosis remains unclear.…”

Actions of Papaverine, Aspaminol and Bile Salts and Intracellular Cyclic AMP Level

“…Takagi, Takayanagi and Fujie (9) and also Takagi et al (10) divided "papaverine-like" antispasmodics into two groups according to their mechanisms of action; strong basic substances or most synthetic antispasmodics such as 1, 1-diphenyl 3-piperidinobutanol hydrochloride (Aspaminol) belong to the first group and weak bases such as papaverine and neutral substances as isoamylesters belong to the second group. This theory has been supported by Takayanagi On the other hand, it has been reported that bile salts show anticholinergic activities, which are based on their "papaverine-like" actions on the intestinal smooth muscle (13,14,15). In this paper, the antioxytocin activities of bile salts and their effects on the PDE activitiy and the intracellular level of cyclic AMP in the rat uterus were investigated, and the mode of action of the bile salts was compared with those of papaverine and Aspaminol.…”