Fundamental Study of Clay: Vi, Flow Properties of Kaolinite‐water Suspénsions*

Abstract

The flow properties of six monodisperse kaolinite fractions were studied over a large range of concentration. From these results, it has heen possible to set up an equation relating viscosity to concentration which holds over a very wide range. Equations relating concentration to thixotropy and to the yield point which have general application could also be established. The viscosity of a suspension is obtained from the sum of three quantities, namely, those contributed by (1) the liquid, (2) the individual particle, and (3) the collisions of the particles. Thivotropy is found to be due to the sum of two quantities, namely, the contribution of (1) the individual particle and (2) the interference of the particles. The yield point in these fractions was found to be proportional to the cube of the concentration. With these relations, it is possible to calculate the viscosity of a casting slip for any change in specific gravity.

Slip Casting of Titanium Powder for Dental Prosthetic Appliances

“…As the particle concentration in the slip is much higher then the 5% limit, the Einstein's formula fails to predict the slip viscosity. Norton et al 21) developed a formula valid for the entire concentration interval, based on the flow properties of clay-water suspensions. The equation is based on the following independent effects: (1) viscosity of the liquid medium, (2) groups of particles and (3) interference of the particles.…”

The Detection of Structural Transformations in Kaolin Suspensions by Ultrasound

“…There appears to be no unified model for the viscosity of more concentrated colloidal systems, the lack of consensus being in the higher order terms. Norton et al (4) fitted experimental data to an equation with a single interference term L n , the best fit of which was obtained with n ϭ 3. Hence, we have…”

“…This model is appropriate for kaolin suspensions because it takes into account the complex particle shapes expected and neglects thermal transport effects which are not considered significant in kaolin suspensions. The complex wavenumber k of ultrasonic waves in a suspension is given by (3) [4] where is the acoustic field angular frequency, ␤ l and ␤ s are the compressibilities of the liquid and solid phases respectively, and l and s are similarly the densities of the phases. S is a complex quantity given by…”

The Effects of Flocculation on the Propagation of Ultrasound in Dilute Kaolin Slurries

“…11 and 12). A good fit to eff versus (pH, ) was obtained by combining a linear expression in pH, with a cubic expression in (8). This gives…”