Fundamental Understanding and Effect of Anionic Chemistry in Zinc Batteries

Abstract

With the merit of high capacity, high safety, and low cost, zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) possess huge application potential in the domain of large‐scale energy storage. However, due to the relatively narrow voltage window and large lattice distortion of cationic redox reaction, ZIBs tend to present low energy density, poor kinetics, and unstable cyclic performance. Anion chemistry seems to provide a novel strategy to solve these issues from different aspects, such as enhanced operating voltage, extra capacity contribution, and boosted reaction kinetics. Considering the significance of this theory and the lack of relevant literatures, herein, in‐depth comprehension of anionic chemistry and its positive effects on zinc storage performance have been emphasized and summarized. This review aims to present a full scope of anionic chemistry and furnish systematic cognition for rational design of advanced ZIBs with high energy density. Furthermore, insightful analysis and perspectives based on the current research status also have been proposed, which may point out some scientific suggestions and directions for the future research.

Emerging two-dimensional nanostructured manganese-based materials for electrochemical energy storage: recent advances, mechanisms, challenges, and prospects

“…The anion vacancies could tune the barrier of ion diffusion, which can increase the diffusion path and promote the ion diffusion kinetics. 325,327 Introducing oxygen vacancies (V O ) is an essential defect engineering strategy to modify the surface chemistry and geometry of 2D nanostructured Mn-based materials. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the presence of oxygen vacancies leads to an increase in the density of states, which improves the redox reaction of Mn-based materials.…”

Eutectic Electrolytes Chemistry for Rechargeable Zn Batteries

“…In contrast with cationic one, proposing possibly the intercalation of anions into the electrode lattice structure. [ 99 ] However, anionic chemistry lacks systematically theoretical guidelines, such as the irreversible structural transformation of the anionic framework in the electrode crystal lattice likely resulting in rapid capacity decay Thus the demand for the rational design of anionic chemistry‐based electrodes further limits its application. Meanwhile, the fundamental understanding of ion and charges diffusion kinetics guides future directions in developing eutectic electrolytes for suitable RZBs.…”

Comprehensive review onzinc‐ionbattery anode: Challenges and strategies

“…Similar to LIBs, ZIBs are a “rocking chair battery”, where the charge storage process depends on the transport mobility of zinc ions between the cathode and anode (Figure 1A). There are four main energy storage mechanisms in ZIBs: (1) insertion–extraction 21–25 ; (2) displacement–intercalation reaction 26–28 ; (3) anion redox conversion 28–31 ; and (4) dissolution–deposition 32–36 . In the past few decades, the electrochemical performance of zinc cathode materials has been greatly improved through unremitting exploration; however, the practical application of anode materials remains in its infancy owing to insufficient understanding of the anodic reaction mechanism and issues arising from the zinc anode, which have become a bottleneck for the commercialization of ZIBs 37–41 .…”

“…(3) anion redox conversion [28][29][30][31] ; and (4) dissolutiondeposition. [32][33][34][35][36] In the past few decades, the electrochemical performance of zinc cathode materials has been greatly F I G U R E 1 (A) Schematic of the structure and working principles of ZIBs.…”