Fundamentals and Applications of Surface Wetting

Abstract

In an era defined by an insatiable thirst for sustainable energy solutions, responsible water management, and cutting-edge lab-on-a-chip diagnostics, surface wettability plays a pivotal role in these fields. The seamless integration of fundamental research and the following demonstration of applications on these groundbreaking technologies hinges on manipulating fluid through surface wettability, significantly optimizing performance, enhancing efficiency, and advancing overall sustainability. This Review explores the behavior of liquids when they engage with engineered surfaces, delving into the farreaching implications of these interactions in various applications. Specifically, we explore surface wetting, dissecting it into three distinctive facets. First, we delve into the fundamental principles that underpin surface wetting. Next, we navigate the intricate liquid−surface interactions, unraveling the complex interplay of various fluid dynamics, as well as heat-and mass-transport mechanisms. Finally, we report on the practical realm, where we scrutinize the myriad applications of these principles in everyday processes and real-world scenarios.

Janus Flexible Device with Microcone Channels for Sampling and Analysis of Biological Microfluidics

“…The Namib Desert beetle relies on a hydrophilic bulge on its back and a hydrophobic waxy surface to collect water from fog . It is found that the spontaneous transport behavior of droplets depends on the wettability and geometric asymmetry gradient of the organism surface, and advanced functional surfaces could be designed accordingly. , …”