Fundamentals and characterizations of scratch resistance on automotive clearcoats

Feng, Linqian; Benhamida, Beatrice Nadia; Lu, Chen-Yuan; Sung, Li Piin; Morel, Pierre; Detwiler, Andrew T.; Skelly, J.; Baker, Leslie T.; Bhattacharya, Deepanjan

doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2018.09.011

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…As a result, several laboratory-based testing methodologies have emerged to study scratching phenomena. [7] However, these strategies span several orders of magnitude of scale -in both indenter size and scratching force applied. Therefore, careful consideration must be given when selecting a scratch testing methodology, so that the scratch behavior measured is relevant to real-world scratch performance of the coating of interest.…”

Section: Coating Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer surface-interface consortium 2018 workshop report

Lankone¹,

Goodwin²,

Fairbrother³

et al. 2020

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MML). The purpose of this workshop, as articulated to members and invitees, was to (1) discuss the current state of the science for service life prediction (SLP) of polymeric systems exposed to environmental stresses; (2) freely exchange recent developments in characterization tools, test methods, modeling approaches, and environmental stress simulation for plastics, coatings, interfaces, and composites; and(3) facilitate industrial collaborations with NIST to establish weathering correlations on industrial-relevant chemistries and exposure sites/conditions in conjunction with SPHERE exposure experiments.During two days of thoughtful discussion and enthusiastic participant engagement, workshop participants were presented with both research achievements and technical innovations since the last PSI consortium workshop in 2017 (such as publication of a PSI study of reciprocity in Polymer Degradation and Stability and the ongoing development of a new ASTM standard, respectively) realized by their fellow consortium members and workshop participants. As well, PSI consortium members capitalized on the opportunity afforded by the workshop to collectively discuss the future direction of PSI and identified potential useful next steps such as working towards improving metrologies that examine complex failure modes and designing artificial weathering protocols that incorporate more dynamic exposure conditions (e.g., freeze-thaw cycling).The objectives of this report are to summarize the broad array of topics presented at the 2018 PSI consortium workshop and communicate the major themes, research needs, and future technological and collaborative directions covered during the panel discussions.Further description of the workshop, a history of the PSI consortium, and information on previous workshops may be found at the following URL: https://www.nist.gov/el/materials-and-structural-systems-division-73100/polymersurfaceinterface-consortium

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Section: Coating Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer surface-interface consortium 2018 workshop report

Lankone¹,

Goodwin²,

Fairbrother³

et al. 2020

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“…Recently, a variety of instrumented tests were carried out to investigate fracture scratches in automotive coatings [ 2 , 3 ]. Feng et al [ 7 ] conducted the nano-, micro-, and macro-scratch tests to gain a fundamental understanding of the scratch resistance of automotive clearcoats. Although the ASTM/ISO standards [ 8 , 9 ] were originally applied to the evaluation of bulk polymer scratch resistance [ 10 ], in recent years, they have been widely adopted for multilayer polymeric systems, including automotive coatings [ 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the ASTM scratch test was applied in the quantitative evaluation of the scratch properties of modified clearcoats [ 15 ]. Through these instrumented tests, it was revealed that automotive coatings are subjected to various scratch damage under high indentation load, including coating plastic deformation, surface cracking [ 7 ], and interlaminar delamination [ 14 , 16 ]. Although experiment results elucidated that scratch failure in automotive coatings has a tight relationship with the mechanical properties and the interlaminar adhesion, the intrinsic mechanism is still far from being clarified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Interlaminar Failure on the Scratch Damage of Automotive Coatings: Cohesive Zone Modeling

et al. 2023

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Interlaminar failure caused by scratches is a common damage mode in automotive coatings and is considered the potential trigger for irreversible destruction, i.e., plowing. This work strives to numerically investigate the mechanisms responsible for the complex scratch behavior of an automotive coating system, considering the interfacial failure. A finite element model is developed by incorporating a large deformation cohesive zone model for scratch-induced debonding simulation, where the mass scaling technique is utilized to minimize computational burden while ensuring accuracy. The delamination phenomenon of the automotive coating is reproduced, and its effects on scratch damage behavior are analyzed. Accordingly, it is revealed that the interlaminar delamination would produce significant stress redistribution, which leads to brittle and ductile damage of the coating and consequently affects the formation of plowing. Eventually, parametric studies on the effects of interfacial properties are performed. They demonstrate that the shear strength and shear fracture energy dominate scratch-induced delamination.

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“…However, scratch resistance does not only depend on the inherent properties of the coating but also on its adhesion to the substrate. Reaching a good scratch resistance is often a compromise between the coating flexibility and hardness, and must be engineered for a given application [31][32][33]. In a study on the scratch resistance of UVcured coatings, Magnoni et al reported that Tg and CLD depends on the monomer structure and functionality [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Determination of mechanical properties such as hardness, elastic modulus or CLD of the coating is essential in order to interpret failure formation and propagation during abrasion, indentation, scratch or wear experiments. For organic coatings, most of the multilayers coating systems analyzed are reduced to two or three layers [14,48,49], fewer are considering finishing systems industrially viable [31,50]. The present study aims to understand the behavior of various monomer-oligomer couples, used in an industrially relevant UV-curable multilayered wood finishing system, toward hardness, scratch and wear resistances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%