Fundamentals and future applications of electrochemical energy conversion in space

Abstract

Long-term space missions require power sources and energy storage possibilities, capable at storing and releasing energy efficiently and continuously or upon demand at a wide operating temperature range, an ultra-high vacuum environment and a significantly reduced buoyant force. Electrochemical energy conversion systems play already a major role e.g., during launch and on the International Space Station, and it is evident from these applications that future human space missions - particularly to Moon and Mars - will not be possible without them. Here, we will provide an overview of currently existing electrochemical conversion technologies for space applications such as battery systems and fuel cells and outline their role in materials design and fabrication as well as fuel production. The focus lies on the current operation of these energy conversion systems in space as well as the challenges posed on them by this special environment. Future experiment designs which could help elucidating and optimizing their key operating parameters for an efficient and long-term operation are discussed.

Вибір Матеріалів Та Визначення Їх Електрохімічної Поведінки В Якості Катодів Хімічного Джерела Струму Ампульного Типу

“…Ампульні хімічні джерела струму як резервні батареї набули широкого використання в космічній та військовій сферах [1][2][3][4]. Для створення будь-якої незворотної електрохімічної системи потрібно мати масивний електрод зі стабільною витратою активного компонента і постійним потенціалом та каталітично активний протиелектрод.…”

Extraterrestrial mining – A novel method for extracting minerals and metals from asteroids

“…Although the presence of water ice at both the north and south lunar poles has already been con rmed 76 , it will not be available for its direct use and will be an expensive commodity, as it will be used mostly as a source of oxygen and hydrogen. On the other hand, the deployment of energy-e cient methods will be crucial for the processing of materials in low-energy and ambient temperature conditions 77,78 . Thus, chemical oxidation using DESs has a great potential for metal recovery and separation from NEAs.…”

Recent Advances in Applied Electrochemistry: A Review

“…In the energy sector, electrochemical processes are used for energy conversion and storage. This enables the development of productive and sustainable technologies, such as batteries [4,5], fuel cells [6,7], and electrolyzes [8,9]. Therefore, these advancements help in the integration of renewable energy sources and support the transition towards green and more sustainable energy sources.…”