Fundamentals and Practice of Electrical Measurements

Baeckmann, W. v.; Schwenk, W.

doi:10.1016/b978-088415056-5/50010-1

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…[ 61,67,74,78 ] CP is an electrochemical technique, which is used in soil, seawater, and concrete to protect and reduce the corrosion rate of steel to negligible values. [ 79–81 ] Many researchers in the last 40 years showed that as a consequence of the application of the CP current alkalinization of the environment up to tens of centimeters from the steel occurred. [ 1,56–58,60,62,63,67,69–72,74,76,82–85 ] Leeds, [ 55 ] Büchler et al, [ 86 ] Brenna et al, [ 87,88 ] and Glass et al [ 89 ] suggested that the application of a cathodic current, with the consequent increase in pH, promotes the formation of a protective film on the steel surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Second‐harmonic generation technique for in situ study of passive film formation on carbon steel surfaces in aqueous solutions

Martinelli-Orlando

Dénervaud

Grange

et al. 2022

Materials & Corrosion

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The aim of this work was to revisit second-harmonic generation (SHG) as a technique for the in situ analysis of oxide film formation on steel samples immersed in aqueous solutions and during electrochemical experiments. The measurements were compared to active reflectance spectroscopy (ARS), which is a more established in situ spectroscopy technique. Carbon steel electrodes were subjected to polarization in pH neutral and mild-alkaline electrolytes to provoke the formation of passive films. In situ SHG measurements allowed monitoring of compositional changes in the formed film, as the SHG intensity increased in the domain of stability of Fe 3 O 4 and decreased in the domain of stability of Fe 2 O 3 during potentiodynamic polarization. ARS, on the other hand, is suitable to monitor film thickness. ARS absorption increased along with film growth when moving in the anodic direction during potentiodynamic polarization. During 30 min cathodic polarization at −0.9 V Ag/AgCl sat. KCl in initially pH neutral the combination of SHG and ARS revealed the presence of an oxide film that was primarily composed of Fe 3 O 4 and with a thickness up to 0.7 nm.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Second‐harmonic generation technique for in situ study of passive film formation on carbon steel surfaces in aqueous solutions

Martinelli-Orlando

Dénervaud

Grange

et al. 2022

Materials & Corrosion

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“…However, in normal CP conditions the prevailing overpotential associated with corrosion protection is the concentration polarisation overpotential that is measured at point D or B in Fig. 1 4,16. This is the main argument in favour of taking the Eoff at longer than 1 s, while, on the contrary, the instant Eoff is suggested by standards17 to be acquired within 1 s after CP-off switching.…”

Section: Experimental Approach Of Investigated Falsification Of Eoff ...mentioning

confidence: 96%

Simulation of cathodically protected pipeline with capacitive AC mitigation devices for interpretation of misleading instant Eoff readings

Kioupis¹,

Kouloumbi

Batis

2013

Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology

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A cathodically protected buried pipeline is usually connected to earthing electrodes via several capacitive AC mitigation devices placed at various locations along the pipeline in order to decrease the AC voltage interference. During periodic switching of the cathodic protection circuit for the instant Eoff measurements, the capacitive AC mitigation devices tend to be discharged through the soil provoking an error in the instant Eoff readings, thus resulting to a possible false evaluation of the cathodic protection effectiveness. The aim of the present work is to investigate the role of the main factors, which influence this error. An electric circuit simulation of the pipeline with connected earthed capacitors is proposed. The circuit analysis has shown that the key determining factors of the aforementioned capacitive discharge time constant comprise the capacitance value of the capacitive AC mitigation device at every earthing site, the number of earthing sites where the capacitive AC mitigation devices are installed, the earthing electrodes resistance and the pipeline (or coating) resistance to remote earth. Measures to minimise this misleading error of Eoff readings through the control of the abovementioned factors and the modification of the time of the Eoff measurement are suggested. In this context, the Eoff should be measured at prolonged time after every switching, contrary to the usual practice. Furthermore, the capacitive AC mitigation devices should not be disconnected from the pipeline in order to prevent the adverse effects of AC interference on cathodic protection monitoring. The present work contributes to the understanding of the capacitive AC mitigation devices effect on pipeline cathodic protection monitoring, which has been rarely analysed in the past. Moreover, by recommending novel approaches, the paper can stand as a reference to the cathodic protection operators for a simple, reliable and economic monitoring of the cathodic protection effectiveness in presence of earthed capacitive AC mitigation devices. 1 Typical Eon/Eoff waveform of cathodically protected PE coated pipeline when no capacitive AC mitigation devices are connected (U ac 513?8 V) Kioupis et al. Simulation of pipeline with AC mitigation devices Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology 2013 VOL 48 NO 33 a equivalent circuit of cathodically protected buried pipeline connected with N capacitive AC mitigation devices and b equivalent circuit representing buried pipeline with n coating defects and intact coating Kioupis et al. Simulation of pipeline with AC mitigation devices Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology 2013 VOL 48 NO 3

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“…[15] If an external unprotected metal structure passes through the area, it might suffer from stray current corrosion. [16,17] This type of corrosion is one of the most severe forms of damage to underground metal structures. [18] This is because the essence of stray current corrosion is electrochemical corrosion at the interface between soil electrolytes and buried metal structures, which shortens the working life of these structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of electrified surface casing on the interference characteristics of stray current generated by deep‐well anode beds

Cen

Dai

Huang

et al. 2022

Materials & Corrosion

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Currently, the impressed current cathodic protection with deep-well anode beds has been found that the surface casing was charged. In this study, 13 deep-well anode beds were selected randomly to investigate whether their surface casings were electrified. Possible causes of the electrification of surface casings are also discussed. A numerical model for simulating the geoelectric field of a representative deep-well anode bed with an electrified surface casing was established and validated by data from on-site testing. The difference | © 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

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Fundamentals and Practice of Electrical Measurements

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Second‐harmonic generation technique for in situ study of passive film formation on carbon steel surfaces in aqueous solutions

Second‐harmonic generation technique for in situ study of passive film formation on carbon steel surfaces in aqueous solutions

Simulation of cathodically protected pipeline with capacitive AC mitigation devices for interpretation of misleading instant Eoff readings

Effect of electrified surface casing on the interference characteristics of stray current generated by deep‐well anode beds

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