Fundamentals of ductile cast iron scuffing at the boundary lubrication regime

Wojciechowski, Łukasz; Eymard, S.; Ignaszak, Z.; Mathia, T.

doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2015.05.011

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Cracks which had initially formed around dross inclusions are likely to have subsequently grown through the matrix due to the high degree of plastic deformation, also reported by Abedi et al [21]. The extensive crack networks facilitated cast iron liner material to be removed in large sections up to 40 µm deep by adhesive wear, which was similarly observed by Wojciechowski et al [20]. The severity of the adhesive wear produced an order of magnitude increase in surface roughness across the wear scar, Ra=3.347 ± 0.324 µm [23], Figures 15 and 16.…”

Section: Severe Scuffed Surfacesupporting

confidence: 52%

Scuffing mechanisms of EN-GJS 400-15 spheroidal graphite cast iron against a 52100 bearing steel in a PAO lubricated reciprocating contact

Kamps

Walker

Wood

et al. 2017

Wear

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Scuffing of the automotive piston ring on liner contact is likely to increase due to engine downsizing and the use of low viscosity engine oils to achieve greater fuel efficiency. This work investigated the scuffing mechanism of EN-GJS 400-15 spheroidal graphite cast iron caused by reciprocating sliding of a 52100 roller bearing element lubricated with PAO base oil.The contact was conditioned at 100N and 15 Hz over a stroke of 25 mm at 180 o C. Subsequently the load was incremented in 100 N/min steps at 5 minute intervals until severe scuffing occurred, indicated by a rapid rise in the average friction coefficient. High speed friction was used to determine the onset of mild and severe scuffing. Stylus and 3D optical profilometery revealed that mild scuffing produced a smooth surface with small cracks compared to the severe scuffed surface which contained adhesive wear craters of 40 µm in depth. Focused ion beam cross-sections of the mild scuffed surface and EDS analysis of the microstructure indicated that cracks were initiated by dross inclusions with a similar morphology to flake graphite. The transition to severe scuffing occurred at 700N when crack networks facilitated adhesive transfer of cast iron material to the counter-surface.

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Section: Severe Scuffed Surfacesupporting

confidence: 52%

Scuffing mechanisms of EN-GJS 400-15 spheroidal graphite cast iron against a 52100 bearing steel in a PAO lubricated reciprocating contact

Kamps

Walker

Wood

et al. 2017

Wear

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“…The ferrite, in white, is located around the graphite. Austenite shell, around graphite can be observed mostly in cast irons . The volume fraction of different phases is listed in Table .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Graphite Phase in Powder Metallurgical Ultrahigh Carbon Steels with High Wear Resistance

Han

Liu

Chen³

et al. 2018

Adv Eng Mater

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Carbon with different forms and morphologies plays a key role in the wear resistance of ultrahigh carbon steels (UHCS). In this study, UHCS with carbon contents from 1.4 to 1.9 wt% are prepared through powder metallurgy route, and an organic compound is used as the carbon source. The microstructures, mechanical properties, and wear resistance of UHCS are investigated. Results show that the graphite phase is formed in UHCS, and the morphology of graphite changes from granular to irregular strip-type with the increase of carbon content. The synthesized UHCS show improved wear resistance compare to other reported UHCS with no graphite. Moreover, the UHCS with 1.7 wt% C is found to have the best wear resistance with a wear rate of 4.14 Â 10 À6 mm 3 /N Á m. Besides, it is found that the wear rate and the coefficient of friction (COF) of UHCS increase after heat treatments. This is mainly due to the diffusion of carbon into the matrix, which leads to the reduction of graphite. The results are much helpful for preparing UHCS with controllable graphite morphology, and better wear resistance.

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“…9 The contacting surfaces are covered with tribofilm, and it can remarkably affect the characteristics of friction and wear in practical applications. 10,11 As well known, the main kinds of nanometre lubricating oil additive such as nanometre borate, nano-layered inorganic, nanometre soft metal, and nanometre metal oxide, including soft metal nano-Cu additive in lubricating oil, have excellent friction, wear behaviour, and self-healing properties. 12 The friction coefficient of the specimens can be decreased with the addition of nanoparticles, and the surface can be improved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterisation, and tribological evaluation of Mn₃B₇O₁₃Cl nanoparticle as efficient antiwear lubricant in the sliding wear between tantalum strips and steel ball

Xiong

Zhang

2020

Lubrication Science

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The Mn3B7O13Cl nanoparticle (~30 nm) has been prepared by sol‐gel method and characterised by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The tribological properties of prepared Mn3B7O13Cl nanoparticle and the common nano‐Cu and nano‐Fe nanoparticles as antiwear additives with various concentrations in polyalphaolefin (PAO) base oil have been investigated. PB values of nano‐Mn3B7O13Cl added oil are superior to base oil, nano‐Cu and nano‐Fe added oil with the same content, and it reaches the value of 637 N. The wear scar diameter is 0.52 mm when the concentration is only 0.2 wt.%. And meanwhile, Mn3B7O13Cl nanoparticle as efficient antiwear lubricant and commercial oil was measured in the sliding wear between tantalum strip and 52100 bearing steel ball by MFT‐3000 friction and wear tester at an optimised additive concentration (0.2 wt.%). Coefficient of friction of tantalum strips is reduced by 41.5% compared with that of the commercial oil. Surface morphology studies and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis have revealed that the prominent tribological behaviour of Mn3B7O13Cl was caused by the formation of ~ 30‐nm tribofilm made of adsorbed boron and tribosintered nano‐Mn3B7O13Cl. Therefore, Mn3B7O13Cl nanoparticle has a potential to develop as friction‐reducing and antiwear lubricant in the sliding wear between tantalum strips and steel ball to avoid the severe wear.

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Fundamentals of ductile cast iron scuffing at the boundary lubrication regime

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Scuffing mechanisms of EN-GJS 400-15 spheroidal graphite cast iron against a 52100 bearing steel in a PAO lubricated reciprocating contact

Scuffing mechanisms of EN-GJS 400-15 spheroidal graphite cast iron against a 52100 bearing steel in a PAO lubricated reciprocating contact

Formation of Graphite Phase in Powder Metallurgical Ultrahigh Carbon Steels with High Wear Resistance

Synthesis, characterisation, and tribological evaluation of Mn₃B₇O₁₃Cl nanoparticle as efficient antiwear lubricant in the sliding wear between tantalum strips and steel ball

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Fundamentals of ductile cast iron scuffing at the boundary lubrication regime

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Scuffing mechanisms of EN-GJS 400-15 spheroidal graphite cast iron against a 52100 bearing steel in a PAO lubricated reciprocating contact

Scuffing mechanisms of EN-GJS 400-15 spheroidal graphite cast iron against a 52100 bearing steel in a PAO lubricated reciprocating contact

Formation of Graphite Phase in Powder Metallurgical Ultrahigh Carbon Steels with High Wear Resistance

Synthesis, characterisation, and tribological evaluation of Mn3B7O13Cl nanoparticle as efficient antiwear lubricant in the sliding wear between tantalum strips and steel ball

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Product

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Synthesis, characterisation, and tribological evaluation of Mn₃B₇O₁₃Cl nanoparticle as efficient antiwear lubricant in the sliding wear between tantalum strips and steel ball