Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining

Fahim, Mohamed A.; Al-Sahhaf, Taher A.; Elkilani, Amal

doi:10.1016/c2009-0-16348-1

Cited by 33 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Such organic acid is also known as naphthenic acids which are having the chemical formula of "RCOOH" and the total amount of organic or naphthenic acids of some crude oil is known as the acidity or total acid number (TAN) of such crude oil. The general chemical reactions of the oxidizing process of organic acids are given in the below [2,4,9,12,13,15]:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When decreasing the temperature of the system such HCl molecules tend to be reacted with water of even moisture and formed highly corrosive hydrochloric acids. The general chemical reactions between the salts and metals have been given in the following equations [2,4,7,11].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the corrosion process due to the Mercaptans is known as the "sulfidation" which is likely to be happened at about 230 °C properly. The initiation chemical reactions of such corrosion processes have been given in the flowing reactions [2,4,11,13,14]:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Raw crude oils are dominant earth resources that found from the interior part of the earth that mostly composed with various hydrocarbons since having less amounts of some other compounds foremost of the corrosive compounds [1][2][3][4][5][6]. According to the explanations of the phenomenon of corrosion it is usually defined as the formations of the relevant metal sulfides, oxides or hydroxides on the metal surface as the result of either chemical or electrochemical reaction on the metallic surfaces due to the interactions of such metals either with some strong oxidizing chemical compound or any system which is composed with both water and oxygen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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General Features of the Metallic Corrosion in Raw Crude Oils

Aluvihara¹,

Premachandra²

2019

JES

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Raw crude oils are mainly composed of various hydrocarbons while having trace amounts of corrosive compounds such as sulphur compounds, naphthenic acids, and salts. In the existing research, there were expected to investigate the impact of such corrosive properties on the corrosion of seven different types of ferrous metals. As the methodology, the major corrosive properties of selected two different types of crude oils and the chemical compositions of seven selected metal types were measured and analyzed by the standard methodologies and recommend instruments. The corrosion rates of such metals were determined by the relative weight loss method after certain immersion time periods simultaneously with the microscopic analysis of corroded metal surfaces. In addition, the decayed metallic elemental concentrations from metals into crude oils were analyzed by the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and the impact of the corrosion on the initial hardness of metals were measured by the Vickers hardness tester. As the results and outcomes of the entire research that there observed relatively lower corrosion rates from stainless steels with at least 12 % of chromium and some amount of nickel, higher corrosive impact from salts on the metallic corrosion, formations of FeS, Fe 2 O 3 , corrosion cracks and pitting on the metal surfaces, decay of copper and ferrous from some of metals sometimes in significantly and small reductions of the initial hardness of most of metals due to the corrosion.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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General Features of the Metallic Corrosion in Raw Crude Oils

Aluvihara¹,

Premachandra²

2019

JES

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“…The refining process of crude oils is linked with the wide range of applications of ferrous metals. According to the chemical compositions of such petroleum oils it is possible to find some corrosive compounds from that because of the abundancy of such corrosive compound in the interior part of the earth where the occurrence of such petroleum is happening [1][2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contingency of the Destruction of Metals in Petroleum Oils

Aluvihara¹,

Premachandra²

2019

EESRJ

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Petroleum oils are multi composite earth resources including various corrosive compounds that able to cause the metallic corrosion. The investigations of the impacts of such corrosive compounds of petroleum oils on the corrosion of seven types of ferrous metals were the objectives. According to the methodology the chemical compositions of metals and the basic corrosive compounds presences in both petroleum oils were measured. The set of metal coupons with similar dimensions was prepared by the seven different types of metals and such metal coupons were immersed in both crude oils and after certain time periods the corrosion rates of such metal coupons were determined by the weight loss method with the microscopic analysis of the metal surfaces. The decayed ferrous and copper concentrations from metals and the variations of the initial hardness of metals were measured. As the results there were observed the relatively lower corrosion rates from stainless steels especially with the ~12 % of chromium with sufficient amount of nickel, higher corrosive impact from salts, formations of the FeS, Fe2O3, corrosion cracks and pits, higher decay of copper and ferrous from some of metals and the slight reductions of the initial hardness of metals due to the corrosion.

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MOFs for desulfurization of fuel oil: Recent advances and future insights

Saeed

Firdous

Zaman

et al. 2023

J Chinese Chemical Soc

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Nowadays, desulfurization of fuel oil has raised concern globally because of strict industrial and environmental legislations. Albeit hydrodesulfurization (HDS) has been extensively used in oil refineries to produce low sulfur oil (< 10 ppm) but not been proven as effective method for the removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT), benzothiophene (TH) and their derivatives. Subsequently, adsorptive desulfurization (ADS) and oxidative desulfurization (ODS) methods have been developed to achieve high removal efficiency. In the past decade, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and its composites as oxidative catalysts, as well as adsorbents, have attracted the researchers owing to high surface area, tunable properties, and reusable. The present review comprises use of MOFs and their composites for the removal of sulfur from fuel oil via ODS and ADS processes. Additionally, physicochemical properties of MOFs, mechanism, pros and cons of both process, regeneration, and future challenges have been discussed briefly. Moreover, current limitations and future prospective are also discussed.

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Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

General Features of the Metallic Corrosion in Raw Crude Oils

General Features of the Metallic Corrosion in Raw Crude Oils

Contingency of the Destruction of Metals in Petroleum Oils

MOFs for desulfurization of fuel oil: Recent advances and future insights

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