“…Shock waves from collapsing cavitation bubbles have been the subject of interest to academics and industrialists due to their extraordinary potential of generating severe response dynamics in a variety of fields, ranging from biomedical sciences, nanomaterials, food processing, microelectronics, to liquid metal processing and additive manufacturing [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] . Also recently, fundamental studies investigated the spatial shock wave pressure in the cavitation centre and the threshold of shock waves upon solid–liquid impact respectively [7] , [8] further advancing the existing knowledge in the field.…”