Fundamentals of Silico-Ferrite of Calcium and Aluminum (SFCA) and SFCA-I Iron Ore Sinter Bonding Phase Formation: Effects of CaO:SiO2 Ratio

Webster, Nathan A. S.; Pownceby, Mark I.; Madsen, Ian C.; Studer, Andrew J.; Manuel, James; Kimpton, Justin A.

doi:10.1007/s11663-014-0137-5

Cited by 83 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…CF appear at temperatures higher than 1 100°C. [4][5][6]14) It binds the raw materials in the sinter bed to form sinter. Important chemical reactions proceed as a result of the heat produced by the combustion of coke particles.…”

Section: Scanning Of the Thermocouple In The Aluminamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is worth noting that the alumina tube was partly covered by the solidified melt, which indicates that wall effect was small. Figure 6 shows the average holding time of temperature above 1 100°C, which is around the starting point of the formation of SFCA, 5,6) and the grain size distribution after the shutter test for each portion. As for the top three portions in Fig.…”

Section: High-temperature Holding Time and Quality Of The Sintermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considerable research has been devoted to clarify the relation between the sintering process conditions and reducibility of the achieved pellets from the process. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] These studies showed that sinter yield and quality are influenced by many parameters of the process such as the chemical composition of raw materials, [1][2][3][4][5] composition of flowing gas, 3,5,6,8,9) and the granulation method. 10,11) Among all parameters, the sintering heat pattern in the sinter beds significantly affects the sinter from the viewpoint of reducibility as well as yields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,13) In situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that compound oxides drastically transform as the temperature increases from room temperature. [4][5][6]14) In situ XRD studies showed that CaO and Fe 2 O 3 start reacting to form mono-calcium ferrite (CF) at around 1 000°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the difficulty in in situ observations at the high heating rate, there are still many debates on the formation mechanism of SFCA-I and other forms of calcium ferrites. [4][5][6][7][14][15][16][17] As shown above, the temperature in the sinter bed has a strong impact on the quality and yields of the sinter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<i>In Situ</i> Temperature Measurement of Sinter Beds at High Spatial and Time Resolution

Taira

Matsumura

2018

ISIJ Int.

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In the sintering process during iron making, the sintering reaction proceeds in a packed bed along with the combustion of coke particles. Although detailed temperature information is necessary to improve the process, it is difficult to measure the temperature distribution inside the packed bed with high spatial and time resolution. We performed in situ temperature measurement inside the sinter bed at high spatial and time resolution, i.e., 2 mm and 10 s, respectively, during sintering. A sheathed thermocouple was scanned at optimized scan speed along the inside of the thin-wall alumina tube which was held perpendicular inside the sinter bed. The information on the temperature variation during sintering showed a clear correlation between the quality of the sinter and the sinter heat pattern for each layer. Further analysis also showed that the flame front speed is proportional to the O 2 consumption in the sinter bed. The temperature measurement technique enabled an unprecedented detailed discussion with the temperature distribution inside the sinter bed during sintering. This technique will not only help to improve the sintering process but also provide beneficial information on the chemical reactions occurring inside packed beds.

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Section: Scanning Of the Thermocouple In The Aluminamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: High-temperature Holding Time and Quality Of The Sintermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<i>In Situ</i> Temperature Measurement of Sinter Beds at High Spatial and Time Resolution

Taira

Matsumura

2018

ISIJ Int.

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Mineralogical Analysis of Nickel/Copper Polymetallic Sulfide ORE by X‐Ray Diffraction Using Rietveld Method

Li¹,

Cheng²,

Xu³

et al. 2016

Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2016

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Investigation of the Effects of Al₂O₃ Content and Cooling Rate on Crystallization in Fe₂O₃–CaO–Al₂O₃ System Using In Situ Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

Park

Choi

Min

2019

steel research int.

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Sinter is a major Fe source, that is, used extensively in blast furnace processes worldwide. The chemical and physical properties of sinter are crucial factors that affect the operating stability of blast furnaces. The quality of sinter is largely determined by the phase fraction of the silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminum (SFCA), which is a low-melting-point bonding phase formed during sintering. Calcium ferrite (CF)-containing alumina is known to be the structural basis for SFCA and SFCA-1, and provides basic information regarding the influence of Al 2 O 3 on the formation of CF solid solutions. In this work, experiments are conducted to investigate the crystallization behaviors of an Fe 2 O 3 -CaO-Al 2 O 3 system based on its Al 2 O 3 content and cooling rate. The effects of Al 2 O 3 additions are used to analyze changes in the phase formation temperature, phase ratio, and rate of decrease by using an in situ confocal laser-scanning microscope, optical microscope, electron probe micro analyzer, and horizontal tube furnace. The temperatures at which the primary phase forms for various Al 2 O 3 contents and cooling rates differ from the equilibrium temperatures, and the phase-formation temperature ranges vary with the cooling rate.

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Fundamentals of Silico-Ferrite of Calcium and Aluminum (SFCA) and SFCA-I Iron Ore Sinter Bonding Phase Formation: Effects of CaO:SiO2 Ratio

Cited by 83 publications

References 23 publications

<i>In Situ</i> Temperature Measurement of Sinter Beds at High Spatial and Time Resolution

<i>In Situ</i> Temperature Measurement of Sinter Beds at High Spatial and Time Resolution

Mineralogical Analysis of Nickel/Copper Polymetallic Sulfide ORE by X‐Ray Diffraction Using Rietveld Method

Investigation of the Effects of Al₂O₃ Content and Cooling Rate on Crystallization in Fe₂O₃–CaO–Al₂O₃ System Using In Situ Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

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Fundamentals of Silico-Ferrite of Calcium and Aluminum (SFCA) and SFCA-I Iron Ore Sinter Bonding Phase Formation: Effects of CaO:SiO2 Ratio

Cited by 83 publications

References 23 publications

<i>In Situ</i> Temperature Measurement of Sinter Beds at High Spatial and Time Resolution

<i>In Situ</i> Temperature Measurement of Sinter Beds at High Spatial and Time Resolution

Mineralogical Analysis of Nickel/Copper Polymetallic Sulfide ORE by X‐Ray Diffraction Using Rietveld Method

Investigation of the Effects of Al2O3 Content and Cooling Rate on Crystallization in Fe2O3–CaO–Al2O3 System Using In Situ Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

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Investigation of the Effects of Al₂O₃ Content and Cooling Rate on Crystallization in Fe₂O₃–CaO–Al₂O₃ System Using In Situ Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy