Fundamentals of Standalone Photovoltaic Systems

On-site renewable electricity production and self consumption for manufacturing industry in Ireland: Sensitivity to techno-economic conditions

“…(2) The average annual electric energy produced for the last 5 years of the dataset (2003 to 2007) is 1,863MWh (average power = 212kW). In order to verify the implemented model, the system has been simulated with PVWatts Calculator (Dobos, 2014;Qazi, 2016), using the same parameters and for the same location. The two estimates agree within 0.86%.…”

Sensitivity Based Voltage Support Strategy to Enhance Dynamic Stability of Islanded Microgrid

“…maximum current margin factor of the PV inverter, and reactive current scaling factor, respectively. Note that, φ is imposed for momentary application of inverter [6], [19], [23], can be defined as I m /I r ≥ 1 which is considered to be 1.25 in this paper, and λ is set to ≥ 3 according to the E.ON grid code [16]. For easy comprehension, strategies are termed as different cases.…”

A Review on Drive Train Technologies for Passenger Electric Vehicles

“…However, this battery technology has some weaknesses, such as poor performance in cold weather and memory effects. Additionally, the biggest weakness is its poor charge and discharge efficiency: it has a longer recharging time and has a very high self-discharge rate when the battery is not used [54].…”

“…A similar type of battery, nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd), also has a memory effect and requires high charge and discharge rates. Furthermore, its specific energy density is quite low, only between 60 and 80 Wh/kg, and it is toxic to its components [54]. Chen et al conducted a study to improve the rechargeability of nickel-hydrogen (Ni-H) batteries.…”