Fundamentals of Stereoscopic 3D Game Design

Proceedings of the International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games

2012

Self Cite

We present a study that investigates user performance benefits of playing video games using 3D motion controllers in 3D stereoscopic vision in comparison to monoscopic viewing. Using the PlayStation 3 game console coupled with the PlayStation Move Controller, we explored five different games that combine 3D stereo and 3D spatial interaction. For each game, quantitative and qualitative measures were taken to determine if users performed better and learned faster in the experimental group (3D stereo display) than in the control group (2D display). A game expertise pre-questionnaire was used to classify participants into beginners and expert game player categories to analyze a possible impact on performance differences. The results show two cases where the 3D stereo display did help participants perform significantly better than with a 2D display. For the first time, we can report a positive effect on gaming performance based on stereoscopic vision, although reserved to isolated tasks and depending on game expertise. We discuss the reasons behind these findings and provide recommendations for game designers who want to make use of 3D stereoscopic vision and 3D motion controllers to enhance game experiences.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Evaluating user performance in 3D stereo and motion enabled video games

Kulshreshth

Proceedings of the International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games

2012

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“…We have to note that none of the evaluated games were primarily designed for stereoscopic vision. As previously stated, all current games have SV as an option and must remain playable without it [26].…”

Section: The Difference Of S3d In Current Games and Moviesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding user experience in stereoscopic 3D games

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Masuch

2012

Self Cite

Recent advances in digital game technology are making stereoscopic games more popular. Stereoscopic 3D graphics promise a better gaming experience but this potential has not yet been proven empirically. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study that evaluates player experience of three stereoscopic games in comparison with their monoscopic counterparts. We examined 60 participants, each playing one of the three games, using three selfreporting questionnaires and one psychophysiological instrument. Our main results are (1) stereoscopy in games increased experienced immersion, spatial presence, and simulator sickness; (2) the effects strongly differed across the three games and for both genders, indicating more affect on male users and with games involving depth animations; (3) results related to attention and cognitive involvement indicate more direct and less thoughtful interactions with stereoscopic games, pointing towards a more natural experience through stereoscopy.

“…Recent work supports this approach by proposing S3D-specific guidelines for game design (e.g., [9,17]), tools for affective S3D GUI design [15] and prototypes that demonstrate depth illusions that are easier to resolve in stereo [13,23]. This paper presents the first holistic approach to S3D game design by incorporating previous findings and exploring if change in behavior and meaning from S3D can be created intentionally using an S3D-specific game.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inline with these findings, some researchers argue, that those games were not specifically designed with S3D as their focal point and present design guidelines for creating S3D-specific games [9,17], e.g., proposing depth-based game mechanics, depth-promoting camera effects, and S3D-specific graphical user interfaces (GUIs).…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Altering gameplay behavior using stereoscopic 3D vision-based video game design

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Masuch

2014

Self Cite

We explore the potential of stereoscopic 3D (S3D) vision in offering distinct gameplay using an S3D-specific game called Deepress3D. Our game utilizes established S3D design principles for optimizing GUI design, visual comfort and game mechanics which rely on depth perception in time-pressured spatial conflicts. The game collects detailed S3D player metrics and allows players to choose between different, evenly matched strategies. We conducted a between subjects study comparing S3D and monoscopic versions of Deepress3D that examined player behavior and performance and measured user-reported data on presence, simulator sickness, and game experience. Confirming previous results, stereo users reported higher spatial presence. More importantly, for the first time, our game metrics indicate that S3D vision can measurably change player behavior depending on actual game content and level design, without necessarily affecting performance or emotional experience. These findings indicate the potential for optimizing applications for stereo users distinguishing them as a distinct group in HCI research.