Fundamentals of thin intumescent coatings for the design of fire-safe structures

Lucherini, Andrea

doi:10.14264/uql.2020.1021

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A pure conduction heat transfer model is formulated to investigate the heat penetration within structural timber elements exposed to fire conditions. The finite differences model is based on the numerical method developed by Emmons and Dusinberre, and it explicitly solves a onedimensional heat conduction problem by resolving energy-balance equations in the main direction of the heat flow [14][15][16]. The model is discretised into a number of finite elements, associated to nodes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thermal boundary conditions at the fire-exposed timber surface are also defined according to Eurocode, starting from a defined temperature-time curve: a convective heat transfer coefficient equal to 25 W/m 2 K and a timber surface emissivity equal to 0.8 [4,17]. The solid space is discretised in finite elements with a thickness of 1 mm, and the time step is set to 0.025 s, following model stability criteria [14][15][16].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting the Effective Char Depth in Timber Elements Exposed to Natural Fires, Including the Cooling Phase

Lucherini

Pitelková

Mózer

2023

World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023)

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This paper presents a numerical study on the effect of the heating and cooling phases on the reduction of the effective cross-section of timber elements, in particular on the evolution of the char depth (300°C isotherm) and zerostrength layer. An advanced calculation method based a finite-difference heat transfer model is compared to the simplified approach suggested by Eurocode 5. For the heating phase, defined as the standard fire curve (ISO 834), the simplified Eurocode 5 method generally provides more conservative char depths, while the zero-strength layer is under-predicted. Nevertheless, the values of effective char depth are comparable. Including the cooling phase evidences that, during this phase, the heat wave penetration leads to a significant increase in the char depth and zero-strength layer. Particularly, this increase directly depends on the fire cooling rate: a slower cooling phase further reduces the effective cross-section of timber members. As a result, this research highlights how the heat wave penetration during the fire cooling phase can significantly reduce the load-bearing capacity of timber elements.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the Effective Char Depth in Timber Elements Exposed to Natural Fires, Including the Cooling Phase

Lucherini

Pitelková

Mózer

2023

World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023)

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“…Intumescent coatings are the mainstream and state-of-the-art solution for passive fire protection for several years by now (Carvel and Both, 2015;Triantafyllidis and Bisby, 2020a;Song et al, 2020;Lucherini, 2020;Lucherini and Maluk, 2019;Puri and Khanna, 2016;Weil, 2011). It has been also forecasted that its market size will be growing at a 4.8þ% between 2020 and 2026 and worth $1.3 bn by 2026 (Jones, 2020).…”

Section: Intumescent Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some recent developments and testing strategies relating to the passive fire protection of concrete using intumescent coatings: a review

Ghiji

Joseph

Guerrieri

2022

JSFE

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PurposeIn the present article, the authors have conducted a review on some of the recent developments given in the literature pertaining to the passive protection of concrete structures using intumescent coatings. Here, the main thrust is placed on the spalling phenomenon of concrete elements when exposed to elevated temperatures and fires.Design/methodology/approachIn this context, it has been long established that prolonged thermal insult on concrete members will lead to egress of water, both physically bound as well as those present as water of hydration within the concrete matrix, in the form of steam through microchannels and associated pathways of least resistance, often resulting in the flaking of the surface of the structure. The latter process can ultimately lead to the exposure of the ferrous-based reenforcement elements, for instance, to higher temperatures, thus inducing melting. This, in turn, can result in substantial loss of strength and load-bearing capacity of the structural element that is already undergoing disintegration of its base matrix owing to heat/fire. Even though spalling of concrete structures has long been recognized as a serious problem that can often lead to catastrophic failure of infrastructures, such as buildings, bridges and tunnels, the utility of intumescent coating as a mitigation strategy is relatively new and has not been explored to its fullest possible extent. Therefore, in the latter parts of the review, the authors have endeavored to discuss the different types of intumescent coatings, their modes of actions and, in particular, their wider applicability in terms of protecting concrete elements from detrimental effects of severe or explosive spalling.FindingsGiven that spalling of concrete components is still a very serious issue that can result in loss of lives and destruction of critical infrastructures, there is an urgent need to formulate better mitigating strategies, through novel means and methods. The use of the intumescent coating in this context appears to be a promising way forward but is one that seems to be little explored so far. Therefore, a more systematic investigation is highly warranted in this area, especially, as the authors envisage a greater activity in the building and commissioning of more infrastructures worldwide incommensurate with augmented economic activities during the post-COVID recovery period.Originality/valueThe authors have conducted a review on some of the recent developments given in the literature pertaining to the passive protection of concrete structures using intumescent coatings. The authors have also included the results from some recent tests carried out at the facilities using a newly commissioned state-of-the-art furnace.

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“…In accordance with the Heat-Transfer Rate Inducing System (H-TRIS) test method, uncoated and coated steel plates were tested using a movable array of radiant panels [Lucherini 2021 The objective of this research study is to propose a new heat transfer model based on the more precise measurements and well defined boundary conditions. The heat transfer model presented herein is inspired from the above-mentioned experimental campaigns on intumescent-coated steel plates carried out by Lucherini et al [Lucherini 2021, Lucherini 2020]. The numerical model offers an engineering tool to predict the thermal gradient within swelling intumescent coatings and the temperature evolution of the coating surface and the protected substrate (i.e., steel) that covers a greater number of variables to previous models and a range of conditions and scenarios, in terms of heating conditions and applied initial coating thickness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical heat transfer model for swelling intumescent coatings during heating

Lucherini

Hidalgo²,

Torero³

et al. 2023

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

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Fundamentals of thin intumescent coatings for the design of fire-safe structures

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Predicting the Effective Char Depth in Timber Elements Exposed to Natural Fires, Including the Cooling Phase

Predicting the Effective Char Depth in Timber Elements Exposed to Natural Fires, Including the Cooling Phase

Some recent developments and testing strategies relating to the passive fire protection of concrete using intumescent coatings: a review

Numerical heat transfer model for swelling intumescent coatings during heating

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