Fundamentals, status and promise of sodium-based batteries

Usiskin, Robert; Ya-Xiang, Lu; Popović, Jelena; Law, Markas; Balaya, Palani; Hu, Yong‐Sheng; Maier, Joachim

doi:10.1038/s41578-021-00324-w

Cited by 752 publications

(405 citation statements)

References 194 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

363

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Not only the transport behavior of SEIs but also the transport properties of electrolytes are of importance during stripping–plating, since they are directly correlated with Sand’s time (i.e., characteristic time when salt concentration at the surface decreases to zero causing the dendrite to start growing). 43 Compared to Li, the transference number of Na is considerably higher in triglyme, which could be correlated either with the size of the ion and its higher mobility (consequence of the fact that Na is less solvated 44 ) or to the specific molecular structure favoring positively charged ion aggregates containing Na. t Na of carbonate-based electrolyte was difficult to be determined due to the high SEI resistance, making R SEI and diffusion contribution not distinguishable (details can be found in Supporting Information part IX and Figure S9 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porosity of Solid Electrolyte Interphases on Alkali Metal Electrodes with Liquid Electrolytes

Lim

Fenk

Popović

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite the fact that solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) on alkali metals (Li and Na) are of great importance in the utilization of batteries with high energy density, growth mechanism of SEIs under an open-circuit potential important for the shelf life and the nature of ionic transport through SEIs are yet poorly understood. In this work, SEIs on Li/Na formed by bringing the electrodes in contact with ether- and carbonate-based electrolyte in symmetric cells were systematically investigated using diverse electrochemical/chemical characterization techniques. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements linked with activation energy determination and cross-section images of Li/Na electrodes measured by ex situ FIB-SEM revealed the liquid/solid composite nature of SEIs, indicating their porosity. SEIs on Na electrodes are shown to be more porous compared to the ones on Li in both carbonate and glyme-based electrolytes. Nonpassivating nature of such SEIs is detrimental for the performance of alkali metal batteries. We laid special emphasis on evaluating time-dependent activation energy using EIS.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porosity of Solid Electrolyte Interphases on Alkali Metal Electrodes with Liquid Electrolytes

Lim

Fenk

Popović

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is concluded that the optimal Al‐doping concentration of x =0.5 can reach the maximum Li‐ions conductivity, as confirmed by the calculated mean square displacements (MSD) (Figure 8d), the ion diffusion rate, and the average bond angle variance (BAV) (Figure 8e), where the intrinsic Li‐ions at 6b sites are fully activated and the distorted [PO4] and [TiO6] polyhedrons further accommodate the ion migrations with reduced energy barrier [112] . Similarly, many sodium superionic conductors, such as Na 11 Sn 2 PS 12 , [128,129] Na 5 YSi 4 O 12 , [130] Na 3 SbS 4 , [131] Na 2.88 Sb 0.88 W 0.12 S 4 , [132] Na 3– x Y 1– x Zr x Cl 6 , [133] have been explored for solid‐state Na‐ion batteries [134,135] …”

Section: Crystal Channel Engineering For Rapid Ion Transport For Batt...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[112] Similarly, many sodium superionic conductors, such as Na 11 Sn 2 PS 12 , [128,129] Na 5 YSi 4 O 12 , [130] Na 3 SbS 4 , [131] Na 2.88 Sb 0.88 W 0.12 S 4 , [132] Na 3-x Y 1-x Zr x Cl 6 , [133] have been explored for solid-state Na-ion batteries. [134,135] Chemistry-A European Journal Even though the theoretical calculations provide mechanism understanding on the ion transport within the electrolytes, the experimental identification on the ion transport mechanisms is yet very challenging, due to the limitations on the current characterization techniques. Besides the minimized the gap between the theoretical mechanisms and the practical electrolyte design achieved by theoretical calculation and simulations, the experimental validations on the ion transport and migrations are urgently needed for the design of highperformance batteries.…”

Section: Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal Channel Engineering for Rapid Ion Transport: From Nature to Batteries

Mei

Liao

Sun

2021

Chemistry A European J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ion transport behaviours through cell membranes are commonly identified in biological systems, which are crucial for sustaining life for organisms. Similarly, ion transport is significant for electrochemical ion storage in rechargeable batteries, which has attracted much attention in recent years. Rapid ion transport can be well achieved by crystal channels engineering, such as creating pores or tailoring interlayer spacing down to the nanometre or even sub‐nanometre scale. Furthermore, some functional channels, such as ion selective channels and stimulus‐responsive channels, are developed for smart ion storage applications. In this review, the typical ion transport phenomena in the biological systems, including ion channels and pumps, are first introduced, and then ion transport mechanisms in solid and liquid crystals are comprehensively reviewed, particularly for the widely studied porous inorganic/organic hybrid crystals and ultrathin inorganic materials. Subsequently, recent progress on the ion transport properties in electrodes and electrolytes is reviewed for rechargeable batteries. Finally, current challenges in the ion transport behaviours in rechargeable batteries are analysed and some potential research approaches, such as bioinspired ultrafast ion transport structures and membranes, are proposed for future studies. It is expected that this review can give a comprehensive understanding on the ion transport mechanisms within crystals and provide some novel design concepts on promoting electrochemical ion storage capability in rechargeable batteries.

show abstract

“…Despite the viability of LIBs, utilization of the state-of-the-art LIBs for an energy storage system (ESS) has been restricted due to finite reserves of Li + on earth, which would increase the price of Li sources used for large-scale applications [3]. Among alternatives to LIBs, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) with a similar battery chemistry (redox potential of −2.71 V vs. SHE) as LIBs have constituted an exciting avenue for advancing ESSs [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Graphene-Oxide-Encapsulated MoS2/Carbon Nanofiber Composite Electrode for High-Performance Na-Ion Batteries

Cho

Kim

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been increasingly studied due to sodium (Na) being an inexpensive ionic resource (Na) and their battery chemistry being similar to that of current lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, SIBs have faced substantial challenges in developing high-performance anode materials that can reversibly store Na+ in the host structure. To address these challenges, molybdenum sulfide (MoS2)-based active materials have been considered as promising anodes, owing to the two-dimensional layered structure of MoS2 for stably (de)inserting Na+. Nevertheless, intrinsic issues of MoS2—such as low electronic conductivity and the loss of active S elements after a conversion reaction—have limited the viability of MoS2 in practical SIBs. Here, we report MoS2 embedded in carbon nanofibers encapsulated with a reduced graphene oxide (MoS2@CNFs@rGO) composite for SIB anodes. The MoS2@CNFs@rGO delivered a high capacity of 345.8 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 for 90 cycles. The CNFs and rGO were synergistically taken into account for providing rapid pathways for electrons and preventing the dissolution of S sources during repetitive conversion reactions. This work offers a new point of view to realize MoS2-based anode materials in practical SIBs.

show abstract

Fundamentals, status and promise of sodium-based batteries

Cited by 752 publications

References 194 publications

Porosity of Solid Electrolyte Interphases on Alkali Metal Electrodes with Liquid Electrolytes

Porosity of Solid Electrolyte Interphases on Alkali Metal Electrodes with Liquid Electrolytes

Crystal Channel Engineering for Rapid Ion Transport: From Nature to Batteries

Reduced Graphene-Oxide-Encapsulated MoS2/Carbon Nanofiber Composite Electrode for High-Performance Na-Ion Batteries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About