Fungal Aeroallergens—The Impact of Climate Change

Sztandera−Tymoczek, Monika; Szuster‐Ciesielska, Agnieszka

doi:10.3390/jof9050544

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 161 publications

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“… Representation of the mechanisms involved in the sensitization and effector phase of allergic response adapted from [ 12 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]: ( a ) During the sensitization phase, the antigen is taken up by APC either by APC screening or by APC recruitment upon alarmin secretion (IL-25, TSLP and IL-33) by epithelial cells and processed into peptides. The peptides are presented to naïve T cells via MHC II molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Factors in the Development of Allergic Diseases

Grijincu,

Buzan,

Zbîrcea

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Allergic diseases are showing increasing prevalence in Western societies. They are characterized by a heightened reactivity towards otherwise harmless environmental stimuli. Allergic diseases showing a wide range of severity of symptoms have a significant impact on the quality of life of affected individuals. This study aims to highlight the mechanisms that induce these reactions, how they progress, and which prenatal factors influence their development. Most frequently, the reaction is mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) produced by B cells, which binds to the surface of mast cells and basophils and triggers an inflammatory response. The antibody response is triggered by a shift in T-cell immune response. The symptoms often start in early childhood with eczema or atopic dermatitis and progress to allergic asthma in adolescence. An important determinant of allergic diseases seems to be parental, especially maternal history of allergy. Around 30% of children of allergic mothers develop allergic sensitization in childhood. Genes involved in the regulation of the epithelial barrier function and the T-cell response were found to affect the predisposition to developing allergic disorders. Cord blood IgE was found to be a promising predictor of allergic disease development. Fetal B cells produce IgE starting at the 20th gestation week. These fetal B cells could be sensitized together with mast cells by maternal IgE and IgE–allergen complexes crossing the placental barrier via the low-affinity IgE receptor. Various factors were found to facilitate these sensitizations, including pesticides, drugs, exposure to cigarette smoke and maternal uncontrolled asthma. Prenatal exposure to microbial infections and maternal IgG appeared to play a role in the regulation of T-cell response, indicating a protective effect against allergy development. Additional preventive factors were dietary intake of vitamin D and omega 3 fatty acids as well as decreased maternal IgE levels. The effect of exposure to food allergens during pregnancy was inconclusive, with studies having found both sensitizing and protective effects. In conclusion, prenatal factors including genetics, epigenetics and fetal environmental factors have an important role in the development of allergic disorders in later life. Children with a genetic predisposition are at risk when exposed to cigarette smoke as well as increased maternal IgE in the prenatal period. Maternal diet during pregnancy and immunization against certain allergens could help in the prevention of allergy in predisposed children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Factors in the Development of Allergic Diseases

Grijincu,

Buzan,

Zbîrcea

et al. 2024

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Exploring airborne fungal contaminations and air quality pollution in nine ancient stone temples, Surin, Thailand

Pathomsiriwong,

Aroonsrimorakot,

Taratima

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Comparative analysis of airborne fungal spore distribution in urban and rural environments of Slovakia

Žilka,

Hrabovský,

Dušička

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Monitoring airborne fungal spores is crucial for public health and plant production since they belong to important aeroallergens and phytopathogens. Due to different land use, their concentration can differ significantly between urban and rural areas. We monitored their spectrum and quantity on two geographically close sites with a different degree of urbanisation: Bratislava City and Kaplna Village in Slovakia, located 38 km apart. We recorded the spectrum of airborne fungal spores over a year and confirmed the microscopic results by amplicon-based metagenomic analysis. The main spore season of the most frequent genera lasted over a week longer in Kaplna, but its intensity was approximately two-fold higher in Bratislava. This can be possibly connected to the microclimatic conditions of the urban area (especially wind speed and heat island effect) and the lesser use of fungicides. Cladosporium was the dominant genus on both sites, influencing the intensity most significantly. Through statistical analysis of the influence of meteorological parameters on airborne fungal spore levels, we identified a significant relationship with temperature, while the impact of other parameters varied depending on the spore type and release mechanism. Our results show the differences in airborne fungal spore levels between urban and rural areas and highlight the necessity for more monitoring stations in various environments.

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Fungal Aeroallergens—The Impact of Climate Change

Cited by 6 publications

References 161 publications

Prenatal Factors in the Development of Allergic Diseases

Prenatal Factors in the Development of Allergic Diseases

Exploring airborne fungal contaminations and air quality pollution in nine ancient stone temples, Surin, Thailand

Comparative analysis of airborne fungal spore distribution in urban and rural environments of Slovakia

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