Fungal and Mycotoxin Contamination of Nigerian Foods and Feeds

Atanda, Olusegun; Makun, Hussaini Anthony; Ogara, Isaac M.; Edema, Mojisola O.; Idahor, K. O.; Eshiett, Margaret E.; Oluwabamiwo, B.F.

doi:10.5772/55664

Cited by 42 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…These factors include temperature and humidity [9,10], soil type and nutrients [10], crop rotation [11], tillage method [12,13] and time of planting and harvesting [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of pre-harvest aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination of maize in Babati District, Tanzania

Nyangi¹,

Beed²,

Mugula³

et al. 2016

AJFAND

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A survey was conducted in 2013 to establish total aflatoxin and total fumonisin in maize, as well as farmers' practices relating to maize cultivation and awareness of mycotoxins, in three villages of Babati District, northern Tanzania. Quantification of total aflatoxin and fumonisin was done using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Reveal AccuScan ® Neogen, USA) and the results were confirmed using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometer. The mean aflatoxin was 2.94 µg/kg and all samples (n=440) were within the East African Community (EAC) standard of 10 µg/kg for total aflatoxin, but the mean fumonisin was 5.15 mg/kg, more than double the EAC standard of 2 mg/kg, and 35% of samples exceeded this standard. Maize samples obtained from farmers in the village in the mid altitude, dry zone had significantly higher mean aflatoxin (3.32 µg/kg) and significantly lower mean fumonisin (3.17 mg/kg) than maize from the other two villages (in the high and mid altitude, high rainfall zones). Most farmers (n=442) were male (72%), educated to primary school level (77%) and aware of mycotoxins (62%). As well as participating in a development program, Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation, most (86%) farmers had experience of working with other development programs. All farmers used flat planting, most used improved seeds (98%), ox ploughing (78%), insecticides (78%) and early planting (36%). Practices associated with mycotoxins were planting time, tillage methods, previous season planted crops, and use of insecticides. Awareness of mycotoxins and climatic conditions were also associated with mycotoxin prevalence. In conclusion, good practices are associated with acceptable aflatoxin levels and should be continued. However, the high level of fumonisins warrants further investigation.

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“…These factors include temperature and humidity [9,10], soil type and nutrients [10], crop rotation [11], tillage method [12,13] and time of planting and harvesting [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of pre-harvest aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination of maize in Babati District, Tanzania

Nyangi¹,

Beed²,

Mugula³

et al. 2016

AJFAND

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“…Other factors that might play a role in mycotoxin production are stress factors including water shortage and insect pest infestation 11), 12) . According to Atanda et al 13) , hot and Table 1 Several species of mycotoxigenic Fusarium and the mycotoxins produced worldwide support fungal growth and development and mycotoxin production. Therefore, there are several interacting factors involved in promotion of the mycotoxigenic fungal growth and mycotoxin production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxigenic <i>Fusarium</i> species from agricultural crops in Malaysia

Zakaria

2017

Proc. Jpn. Assoc. Mycotoxicol.

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Phytopathogenic and mycotoxigenic Fusarium spp. are widespread in Malaysia. Common mycotoxigenic as well as phytopathogenic Fusarium spp. are F. oxysporum and several species members of the F. fujikuroi species complex, particularly F. proliferatum and F. fujikuroi. Mycotoxigenic Fusarium spp. infect crops in the field and can contaminate the crops after harvest and during storage. In vitro studies indicate that many isolates of mycotoxigenic Fusarium spp. can produce mycotoxins, suggesting that these isolates can also produce mycotoxins in the host plant. Thus, there are opportunities for mycotoxin carryover to food and feed products. Although most Fusarium mycotoxins are heat stable, food processing such as sorting, trimming, cleaning, milling, cooking, baking, frying, roasting, and extrusion cooking have been reported to reduce concentrations of mycotoxins in food and feed products to varying degrees. In Malaysia, more studies on human exposure to Fusarium mycotoxins and to other mycotoxins are needed because such data are useful for estimation of the exposure levels.

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“…These include; temperature and humidity (Milani, 2013;Atanda et al, 2013). Soil types and nutrients supply (Atanda et al, 2013), tillage method (Janusauskaite et al, 2013;Gil-Sotres et al, 2005), time of planting and harvesting (Abbas et al, 2007;Bruns, 2003;Kahaya et al, 2006) and crop rotation (Atanda et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxin and Fumonisin Contamination of at-harvest and Storage Beans in Babati District, Northern Tanzania

Nyangi¹

2016

GJAS

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The natural occurrence of total aflatoxin and fumonisin was determined in 38 bean at-harvest samples and 106 storage beans samples in the year 2013 in Babati District Northern Tanzania. Quantification for total aflatoxin and fumonisin was done using Enzymes Linked Immunosorbent Assay -ELISA (Reveal AccuScan ® Neogen, USA), and the results were confirmed using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). Eighteen percent (7/38) of bean at harvest samples were contaminated with up to 3 µg/kg aflatoxins and no bean sample was contaminated with fumonisins. There was a significant correlation (p < 0.05) between the concentration of aflatoxins and fumonisins with climatic zones and agronomic practices. Only bean samples from the high altitude high rain zone were contaminated with aflatoxins (mean level of 1.53 µg/kg). For storage beans, samples from Seloto village were associated with higher aflatoxin concentration (mean of 3.74 µg/kg) and those from Long village were associated with higher fumonisin levels (mean of 9.0 mg/kg). These results indicate that beans consumers in the study area are exposed to the danger of chronic exposure to aflatoxin and fumonisin poisoning. Thus, those practices that reduce contamination should be adopted by all farmers in the study area to reduce the health hazards associated with consumption of contaminated beans. This also calls for further research to investigate human exposure to aflatoxin and fumonisin in the study area.

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Fungal and Mycotoxin Contamination of Nigerian Foods and Feeds

Cited by 42 publications

References 102 publications

Assessment of pre-harvest aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination of maize in Babati District, Tanzania

Assessment of pre-harvest aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination of maize in Babati District, Tanzania

Mycotoxigenic <i>Fusarium</i> species from agricultural crops in Malaysia

Aflatoxin and Fumonisin Contamination of at-harvest and Storage Beans in Babati District, Northern Tanzania

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