Fungal and Parasitic Infections

Mattiuzzi, Gloria; Ostrosky‐Zeichner, Luis

doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-415-5_4

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 88 publications

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“…A common route of infection in hospitalized patients is the translocation of endogenous C. albicans from the intestinal tract into the blood stream associated with antibiotic use and hematological immunosuppression or chemotherapy that result in the loss of intestinal barrier function [ 48 ]. The requirement for Hwp1 to promote dissemination of C. albicans from the GI tract is unknown, and may define a new role for the fungal adhesin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Niche-Specific Requirement for Hyphal Wall protein 1 in Virulence of Candida albicans

2013

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Specialized Candida albicans cell surface proteins called adhesins mediate binding of the fungus to host cells. The mammalian transglutaminase (TG) substrate and adhesin, Hyphal wall protein 1 (Hwp1), is expressed on the hyphal form of C. albicans where it mediates fungal adhesion to epithelial cells. Hwp1 is also required for biofilm formation and mating thus the protein functions in both fungal-host and self-interactions. Hwp1 is required for full virulence of C. albicans in murine models of disseminated candidiasis and of esophageal candidiasis. Previous studies correlated TG activity on the surface of oral epithelial cells, produced by epithelial TG (TG1), with tight binding of C. albicans via Hwp1 to the host cell surfaces. However, the contribution of other Tgs, specifically tissue TG (TG2), to disseminated candidiasis mediated by Hwp1 was not known. A newly created hwp1 null strain in the wild type SC5314 background was as virulent as the parental strain in C57BL/6 mice, and virulence was retained in C57BL/6 mice deleted for Tgm2 (TG2). Further, the hwp1 null strains displayed modestly reduced virulence in BALB/c mice as did strain DD27-U1, an independently created hwp1Δ/Δ in CAI4 corrected for its ura3Δ defect at the URA3 locus. Hwp1 was still needed to produce wild type biofilms, and persist on murine tongues in an oral model of oropharyngeal candidiasis consistent with previous studies by us and others. Finally, lack of Hwp1 affected the translocation of C. albicans from the mouse intestine into the bloodstream of mice. Together, Hwp1 appears to have a minor role in disseminated candidiasis, independent of tissue TG, but a key function in host- and self-association to the surface of oral mucosa.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Niche-Specific Requirement for Hyphal Wall protein 1 in Virulence of Candida albicans

2013

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Incidence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Sickle Cell Patients in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana

Baah¹,

Azumah²,

Ampiah³

et al. 2014

WJA

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Context: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a well-known pathogen that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The course of HIV infection and progression may be influenced by sickle cell traits. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of HIV among sickle cell patients in the Cape Coast metropolis. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among patients who visited the Central Regional Hospital, Cape Coast. About 2 ml of blood sample was drawn from each participant for sickle cell test using sodium metabisulphite solution. Sickle cell positive samples were selected and tested for the presence of HIV using Alere Determine TM HIV-1/2. Results: A total of 75 patients made up of 25 males and 50 females were enrolled. Their age ranges between 4 to 59 years (27, 1 -15 years; 24, 16 -30 years; 17, 31 -45 years; 7, 46 -60 years). Fifteen (15) (20%) had received at least a single blood transfusion while the remaining 60 (80%) had never received blood transfusion before the study. Thirty-six patients (48.0%) were married and the other 39 patients (52.0%) were single. Five patients (6.7%) had antibodies to HIV whereas 70 patients (93.3%) were not with the virus. Conclusion: The incidence rate of HIV among sickle cell trait children and the youths of Cape Coast metropolis were found to be 6.7%. This may suggest that sickle cell traits in children and the youth may be associated with HIV transmission.

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Fungal and Parasitic Infections

Cited by 2 publications

References 88 publications

Niche-Specific Requirement for Hyphal Wall protein 1 in Virulence of Candida albicans

Niche-Specific Requirement for Hyphal Wall protein 1 in Virulence of Candida albicans

Incidence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Sickle Cell Patients in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana

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