Fungal Antagonism Assessment of Predatory Species and Producers Metabolites and Their Effectiveness onHaemonchus contortusInfective Larvae

Abstract

The objective of this study was to assess antagonism of nematophagous fungi and species producers metabolites and their effectiveness on Haemonchus contortus infective larvae (L3). Assay A assesses the synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effect on the production of spores of fungal isolates of the species Duddingtonia flagrans, Clonostachys rosea, Trichoderma esau, and Arthrobotrys musiformis; Assay B evaluates in vitro the effect of intercropping of these isolates grown in 2% water-agar (2% WA) on L3 of H. contortus. D. flagrans (Assay A) produced 5.3 × 106 spores and associated with T. esau, A. musiformis, or C. rosea reduced its production by 60.37, 45.28, and 49.05%, respectively. T. esau produced 7.9 × 107 conidia and associated with D. flagrans, A. musiformis, or C. rosea reduced its production by 39.24, 82.27, and 96.96%, respectively. A. musiformis produced 7.3 × 109 spores and associated with D. flagrans, T. esau, or C. rosea reduced its production by 99.98, 99.99, and 99.98%, respectively. C. rosea produced 7.3 × 108 conidia and associated with D. flagrans, T. esau, or A. musiformis reduced its production by 95.20, 96.84, and 93.56%, respectively. These results show evidence of antagonism in the production of spores between predators fungi.

Nematicide activity of microfungi (Orbiliales, Orbiliaceae) after transit through gastrointenstinal tract of “Gallus gallus domesticus”

“…Helminths are responsible for economic losses due to decreased food intake, reduced growth and posture, leading to nutritional deficiencies that makes the birds susceptible to other infectious diseases and can lead to death (CARDOZO & YAMAMURA, 2004;UHUO et al, 2013;HASSAN et al, 2015;THAPA et al, 2015). The control of gastro-intestinal helminthosis in non-organic intensive and extensive systems is accomplished by administering anthelmintics with high cost and results unsatisfactory due to the misuse of drugs with consequent selection parasite strains resistant (THOMAZ-SOCCOL et al, 2004;AHMAD et al, 2013;SILVA et al, 2015). Contaminating the environment and serving as a source of contagion to other birds, generate residues in animal products (HERD, 1996;SHARMA et al, 2015).…”

Larvicidal activity ofBacillus thuringiensisvar.israelensisCry11Aa toxin againstHaemonchus contortus

“…2002; Silva et al . 2015). In agriculture, biological control has been used for decades either in combination with or as an alternative to traditional pesticides (Betz et al .…”

“…Promising alternative options have included intercropping (rotational grazing of two or more different animal species) and recently, the potential use of biological control agents such as fungi (i.e. Duddingtonia flagrans) (Chandrawathani et al 2002;Silva et al 2015). In agriculture, biological control has been used for decades either in combination with or as an alternative to traditional pesticides (Betz et al 2000).…”

Biotic interactions in soil and dung shape parasite transmission in temperate ruminant systems: An integrative framework

“…Most research into this trophic guild has used the fungal species Clonostachys rosea , due to its voracious and diverse consumption of nematode species (Rodríguez‐Martínez et al, 2018). Variable levels of reduction in nematode viability have been reported (Ahmed et al, 2014; Silva, Braga, Mendoza‐de‐Gives, Millán‐Orozco, et al, 2015; Silva et al, 2017), both through the addition of fungi to dung containing parasitic nematodes and feeding of spores to infected animals, subsequently hatching within the dung. This effect is localized to early larval stages, as nematode egg output remained unaffected in infected animals fed fungal spores, while culture of infected feces yielded lower numbers of nematode larvae (Ahmed et al, 2014).…”