Fungal cell wall biogenesis: building a dynamic interface with the environment

Durán, Abraham Madroñal

doi:10.1099/mic.0.27551-0

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Another function of the cell wall, based on its porosity, is to limit the size of compounds that may come in contact with the plasma membrane (31). Therefore, this highly adaptable organelle protects yeast cells from harsh environments by building a dynamic interface with the environment (11,18,20). The cell shape and its physical strength depend on a complex structure consisting of ␤-glucan cross-linked with chitin and mannoproteins, forming a resilient 3-dimensional structure (18,20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The SPI1 Gene, Encoding a Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Cell Wall Protein, Plays a Prominent Role in the Development of Yeast Resistance to Lipophilic Weak-Acid Food Preservatives

Simões¹,

Mira²,

Fernandes³

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SPI1 gene encodes a member of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell wall protein family. In this work we show results indicating that SPI1 expression protects the yeast cell from damage caused by weak acids used as food preservatives. This is documented by a less extended period of adaptation to growth in their presence and by a less inhibited specific growth rate for a parental strain compared with a mutant with SPI1 deleted. Maximal protection exerted by Spi1p against equivalent concentrations of the various weak acids tested was registered for the more lipophilic acids (octanoic acid, followed by benzoic acid) and was minimal for acetic acid. Weak-acid adaptation was found to involve the rapid activation of SPI1 transcription, which is dependent on the presence of the Msn2p transcription factor. Activation of SPI1 transcription upon acetic acid stress also requires Haa1p, whereas this recently described transcription factor has a negligible role in the adaptive response to benzoic acid. The expression of SPI1 was found to play a prominent role in the development of yeast resistance to 1,3-␤-glucanase in benzoic acidstressed cells, while its involvement in acetic acid-induced resistance to the cell wall-lytic enzyme is slighter. The results are consistent with the notion that Spi1p expression upon weak-acid stress leads to cell wall remodeling, especially for the more lipophilic acids, decreasing cell wall porosity. Decreased cell wall porosity, in turn, reduces access to the plasma membrane, reducing membrane damage, intracellular acidification, and viability loss.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The SPI1 Gene, Encoding a Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Cell Wall Protein, Plays a Prominent Role in the Development of Yeast Resistance to Lipophilic Weak-Acid Food Preservatives

Simões¹,

Mira²,

Fernandes³

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) uses MAPK modules to adapt rapidly to environmental changes, such as nutrient limitation (filamentous growth signaling) (84), hyperosmotic stress (high-osmolarity glycerol [HOG] signaling) (91), cell wall damage (Pkc1-dependent signaling) (20), presence of mating-inducing peptides (pheromone signaling) (90), and conditions that evoke meiosis in diploid cells (sporulation) (6,89). Nutrient deprivation triggers a developmental transition from yeast-form (round) cells to cells capable of invasive or pseudohyphal growth (23,63).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The RA Domain of Ste50 Adaptor Protein Is Required for Delivery of Ste11 to the Plasma Membrane in the Filamentous Growth Signaling Pathway of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Truckses

Bloomekatz

Thorner

2006

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, pheromone response requires Ste5 scaffold protein, which ensures efficient G-protein-dependent recruitment of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade components Ste11 (MAPK kinase kinase), Ste7 (MAPK kinase), and Fus3 (MAPK) to the plasma membrane for activation by Ste20 protein kinase. Ste20, which phosphorylates Ste11 to initiate signaling, is activated by binding to Cdc42 GTPase (membrane anchored via its C-terminal geranylgeranylation). Less clear is how activated and membrane-localized Ste20 contacts Ste11 to trigger invasive growth signaling, which also requires Ste7 and the MAPK Kss1, but not Ste5. Ste50 protein associates constitutively via an N-terminal sterile-alpha motif domain with Ste11, and this interaction is required for optimal invasive growth and hyperosmotic stress (highosmolarity glycerol [HOG]) signaling but has a lesser role in pheromone response. We show that a conserved C-terminal, so-called "Ras association" (RA) domain in Ste50 is also essential for invasive growth and HOG signaling in vivo. In vitro the Ste50 RA domain is not able to associate with Ras2, but it does associate with Cdc42 and binds to a different face than does Ste20. RA domain function can be replaced by the nine C-terminal, plasma membrane-targeting residues (KKSKKCAIL) of Cdc42, and membrane-targeted Ste50 also suppresses the signaling deficiency of cdc42 alleles specifically defective in invasive growth. Thus, Ste50 serves as an adaptor to tether Ste11 to the plasma membrane and can do so via association with Cdc42, thereby permitting the encounter of Ste11 with activated Ste20.

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“…Ela determina o formato da célula, fornece suporte osmótico, proteção física, além de estar relacionada a eventos de sinalização celular, adesão e reprodução (MAGNELLI; CIPOLLO; ROBBINS, 2005;NIMRICHTER et al, 2005;PEREZ;RIBAS, 2004), sendo por isso necessária para o crescimento e desenvolvimento dos fungos nos ambientes onde são encontrados (DURAN;NOMBELA, 2004).…”

Section: Parede Celular Fúngicaunclassified

Polissacarídeos de parede celular fúngica: purificação e caracterização

et al. 2009

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ResumoA parede celular é uma estrutura rígida, essencial para a sobrevivência dos fungos, e o conhecimento de sua composição poderá ser útil para o desenvolvimento de novas drogas antifúngicas. Neste contexto, os polissacarídeos estão entre os seus principais componentes que têm sido alvos de intensa investigação científica. As informações, provenientes do conhecimento da estrutura dessas macromoléculas, poderão ser valiosas para o entendimento dos mecanismos de síntese da parede celular de fungos causadores de patologias, tanto em plantas quanto em animais. A determinação da estrutura química de um endopolissacarídeo deve ser precedida por experimentos de extração e purificação. As extrações, geralmente conduzidas em soluções aquosas neutras e/ou alcalinas, separaram as biomoléculas em grupos, de acordo com suas solubilidades. Os extratos, contendo mistura de polissacarídeos, podem ser purificados pela combinação de métodos químicos e cromatográficos. Após purificação, os polissacarídeos considerados homogêneos são caracterizados estruturalmente com as técnicas convencionais em química de carboidratos tais como hidrólise, metilação, FT-IR e RMN- 13C e 1 H. Esta revisão tem como proposta efetuar um levantamento das principais investigações científicas conduzidas com o objetivo de caracterizar polissacarídeos da parede celular fúngica. Palavras-chave: Biomassa, parede celular fúngica, polissacarídeos, caracterização química AbstractThe cell wall is a rigid structure essential for the survival of fungi. A knowledge of its composition is therefore useful for the development of novel anti-fungal drugs. In this context, polysaccharides as main components of the fungal cell wall have been the subject of intense scientific study over the years. The information gained from the knowledge of the structure of these macrobiomolecules could therefore be valuable in elucidating the mechanisms of their biosynthesis in the cell walls of pathogenic fungi infecting plants and animals alike. Determination of the chemical structures of these polysaccharides (endo) is preceded by their extraction and purification. The extractions, generally lead to neutral and/ or alkaline soluble biopolymers in groups according to their solubilities. Mixtures of polysaccharides in these extracts can then be purified by a combination of chemical and chromatographic methods.

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Fungal cell wall biogenesis: building a dynamic interface with the environment

Cited by 37 publications

References 32 publications

The SPI1 Gene, Encoding a Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Cell Wall Protein, Plays a Prominent Role in the Development of Yeast Resistance to Lipophilic Weak-Acid Food Preservatives

The SPI1 Gene, Encoding a Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Cell Wall Protein, Plays a Prominent Role in the Development of Yeast Resistance to Lipophilic Weak-Acid Food Preservatives

The RA Domain of Ste50 Adaptor Protein Is Required for Delivery of Ste11 to the Plasma Membrane in the Filamentous Growth Signaling Pathway of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Polissacarídeos de parede celular fúngica: purificação e caracterização

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