Fungal Cellulase; Production and Applications: Minireview

Abstract

Cellulose is the most abundant biomaterial derived from the living organisms on the earth; plant is the major contributor to the cellulose pool present in the biosphere. Cellulose is used in variety of applications ranging from nanomaterials to biofuel production. For biofuel production, cellulose has first to be broken-down into its building blocks; β-D-glucosyl unit which subsequently can be fermented to different product such as ethanol, acetic acids, among others. Cellulase is the enzymatic system, which degrades cellulose chains to glucose monomers.Cellulase is a group of three enzymes endoglucanase, exoglucanases and β-glucosidases which act together to hydrolyze cellulose to glucose units. Cellulases are found in bacteria, fungi, plants, and some animals. Fungi are the preferred source of cellulase for industrial applications since they secrete large quantities of cellulase to culture medium. Despite a remarkable number of fungi found to produce cellulase enzymes, few have been extensively investigated because they produce large quantities of these enzymes extracellularly. In this mini-review, the production of cellulase from fungi and the parameters affecting cellulase production are discussed briefly on

Cellulases: From Bioactivity to a Variety of Industrial Applications

“…The most popular and successful application of cellulases is in textile industry where these are used for jeans biostoning, biopolishing of fabrics and cotton and to improve appearance of fabrics. Household laundry detergents represents one of the most popular markets for enzyme sale accounting for 20–30%, with proteases and lipases as the main components along with cellulase [ 54 , 55 ]. For the detergent industry, cellulase should be compatible with alkaline conditions and with other ingredients of formulation and needs to be thermostable [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Trends and Applications of Omics Technologies to Functional Characterisation of Enzymes and Protein Metabolites Produced by Fungi

“…Cellulases: endoglucanases, exocellulases, and processive endoglucanases Juice extraction and clarification, supplementation of livestock, biofuel production, laundry detergent production [35] Xylanase…”

“…Moreover, these two phyla have thus far produced the most impactful metabolites, including enzymes that have gained industrial importance. They have shown demonstrable application in carbon recycling and therefore bioremediation, as well as usefulness in food, feed, and pharmaceutical industries [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. The enzymes produced by fungi are unique because of their broad substrate specificity as well as their strong oxidative and hydrolytic abilities, and of utmost importance is the ease of collection since most of them are expressed extracellularly.…”

Industrial Use of Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes: The Fine Line Between Production Strategy and Economic Feasibility

“…Many cellulases (mainly endo-and cellobiohydrolases) are expressed as modular enzymes in which the catalytic domain (GH) is linked to a carbohydrate binding module (CBM). The presence of CBM is not essential for cellulase activity although it could increase both the recognition and binding of the substrate (Bayer et al, 1998;Payne et al, 2015;Sajith et al, 2016;Ahmed and Bibi, 2018).…”