Fungal Chitosan-Derived Biomaterials Modified with Kalanchoe pinnata as Potential Hemostatic Agents—Development and Characterization

Abstract

Massive blood loss is still a great challenge for modern medicine. To stop the hemorrhage during the surgery or after injury apart from suturing or electrocoagulation, the most efficient method of hemostasis restoration is the use of hemostatic agents. Although there are numerous products on the market, there is still a need for biomaterials that are capable of fast and efficient bleeding management without affecting wound closure or embolism. Chitosan is known for its hemostatic activity; however, its quite poor mechanical properties and heterogenous chemical composition still needs some improvements to become superior compared to biological adhesives. The following study deals with the preparation and evaluation of chitosan-derived natural biomaterials containing Kalanchoe pinnata extract with the potential application as a blood-clotting agent. The materials were obtained under microwave-assisted conditions in two different forms (granules/dressing), whose chemical structure and morphology were studied. Their antioxidant properties have been proven. The chitosan-derived hemostatic agents exhibited superior blood sorption abilities and lack of cytotoxicity to L929 mouse fibroblasts. The study also showed the differences in biological properties depending on their preparation method. The potential mechanism of action was proposed as well as their potential in hemostasis revival.

Multifunctional Chitosan Scaffold Platforms Loaded with Natural Polyphenolic Extracts for Wound Dressing Applications

“…Given the importance of using non-toxic dressings to ensure the survival, proliferation, and proper functioning of cells in the wound microenvironment, several efforts have been devoted to investigating the in vitro cytotoxicity of CS, GSE, and PE. − ,,, For instance, Biranje et al demonstrated the nontoxic effects of CS/carrageenan composites against human dermal fibroblasts, attributing these effects to the porous and hydrophilic nature as well as the positive charge of the composites. Similarly, other CS-based materials have shown non-toxic and even proliferative effects in cell lines such as mouse osteoblast cell lines, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and L-929 fibroblasts. , In addition, the nontoxic effects of PE and GSE have been previously demonstrated in HaCaT cells and fibroblasts. , The biocompatibility properties of these extracts have been mainly attributed to the presence of PAs in their structures, which has shown favorable effects on cell proliferation. , Our findings corroborate that the presence of GSE and PE has a beneficial effect on HaCaT cells.…”

“…Similarly, other CS-based materials have shown non-toxic and even proliferative effects in cell lines such as mouse osteoblast cell lines, 46 human umbilical vein endothelial cells, 19 and L-929 fibroblasts. 18,40 In addition, the nontoxic effects of PE and GSE have been previously demonstrated in HaCaT cells and fibroblasts. 8,9 The biocompatibility properties of these extracts have been mainly attributed to the presence of PAs in their structures, which has shown favorable effects on cell proliferation.…”

“…Engineered CS-based biomaterials combined with bioactive molecules are being widely investigated as a feasible approach to overcoming such shortcomings. To this end, CS-based composites have been combined with various natural compounds such as carrageenan, Kalanchoe pinnata, tilapia peptides, grape seed oil, grapefruit seed extracts, Lawsonia inermis extract, and others for use as wound dressings in hemostasis.…”

“…11,15,16 Although CS-based composites have demonstrated impressive hemostatic performance, some drawbacks, such as its insolubility in aqueous media, which requires the use of acidic compounds that can cause side effects at the injury site, 7,17 bioactive molecules are being widely investigated as a feasible approach to overcoming such shortcomings. To this end, CSbased composites have been combined with various natural compounds such as carrageenan, 7 Kalanchoe pinnata, 18 tilapia peptides, 19 grape seed oil, 20 grapefruit seed extracts, 21 Lawsonia inermis extract, 22 and others for use as wound dressings in hemostasis. Natural compounds have long been used in traditional medicine for their health-promoting bioactive properties.…”

Development of Antibacterial Thermoplastic Starch with Natural Oils and Extracts: Structural, Mechanical and Thermal Properties

“…On the other hand, the plant known as Chiriyuyo in Ecuador is a plant species belonging to the family Crassulaceae (species Kalanchoe pinnata , native to Africa and Madagascar). It has been found that the extracts obtained from Chiriyuyo (CE) leaves and stems have good antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi and viruses [ 19 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”