Fungal communities do not recover after removing invasive Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard)

Anthony, Mark; Stinson, Kristina A.; Trautwig, Adam N.; Coates-Connor, E.; Frey, Serita D.

doi:10.1007/s10530-019-02031-8

Cited by 16 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…2 ). This mirrors expected results from previous research on long-term established invasions in the study region (Anthony et al 2017 , 2019 ). One possibility is that under warmer conditions garlic mustard invasion more strongly (or quickly) suppresses mutualistic fungi and selects for saprotrophic and pathotrophic taxa.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…While most studies to date focus on plant responses to invasion, fungi are drivers of ecosystem nutrient cycling as decomposers and mycorrhizal symbionts (Treseder and Lennon 2015 ). How fungi respond to invasion can also feed-back to impact native plant communities (Stinson et al 2006 ), soil carbon (C) storage (Ehrenfeld 2003 ; Tamura and Tharayil 2014 ), and ecosystem restoration efforts (Lankau et al 2014 ; Anthony et al 2019 ). Fungi are highly sensitive to abiotic stressors such as warming and nitrogen deposition (Lilleskov et al 2011 ; Geml et al 2015 ; Morrison et al 2016 ; Fernandez et al 2017 ), but the interactive effects of invasion and concurrent abiotic global changes on soil fungi are rarely investigated (Wheeler et al 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant invasion impacts on fungal community structure and function depend on soil warming and nitrogen enrichment

et al. 2020

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The impacts of invasive species on biodiversity may be mitigated or exacerbated by abiotic environmental changes. Invasive plants can restructure soil fungal communities with important implications for native biodiversity and nutrient cycling, yet fungal responses to invasion may depend on numerous anthropogenic stressors. In this study, we experimentally invaded a long-term soil warming and simulated nitrogen deposition experiment with the widespread invasive plant Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) and tested the responses of soil fungal communities to invasion, abiotic factors, and their interaction. We focused on the phytotoxic garlic mustard because it suppresses native mycorrhizae across forests of North America. We found that invasion in combination with warming, but not under ambient conditions or elevated nitrogen, significantly reduced soil fungal biomass and ectomycorrhizal relative abundances and increased relative abundances of general soil saprotrophs and fungal genes encoding for hydrolytic enzymes. These results suggest that warming potentially exacerbates fungal responses to plant invasion. Soils collected from uninvaded and invaded plots across eight forests spanning a 4 °C temperature gradient further demonstrated that the magnitude of fungal responses to invasion was positively correlated with mean annual temperature. Our study is one of the first empirical tests to show that the impacts of invasion on fungal communities depends on additional anthropogenic pressures and were greater in concert with warming than under elevated nitrogen or ambient conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant invasion impacts on fungal community structure and function depend on soil warming and nitrogen enrichment

et al. 2020

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“…Ongoing work shows that species in the ambient garlic mustard treatments have reduced hyphal colonization in their roots, and higher evenness in the soil AM fungal community (Bialic‐Murphy, L. et al unpublished manuscript ). In other locations, studies have documented no recovery of mycorrhizal fungi after three years (Anthony et al 2019) or only partial recovery after six years (Lankau et al 2014). Since we did not observe a response in the aboveground community until 4–6 yr of garlic mustard weeding, it is possible that the aboveground response is mirroring the recovery of the belowground mycorrhizal fungal community, or that the mycorrhizal fungal community has not yet responded to garlic mustard removal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since we did not observe a response in the aboveground community until 4–6 yr of garlic mustard weeding, it is possible that the aboveground response is mirroring the recovery of the belowground mycorrhizal fungal community, or that the mycorrhizal fungal community has not yet responded to garlic mustard removal. In addition, it is possible that changes in the abiotic soil conditions that are associated with garlic mustard invasion attribute to the observed response of mycorrhizal plant species (Rodgers et al 2008, Anthony et al 2019). However, no differences in abiotic soil conditions between ambient and weeded garlic mustard treatments after 14 yr were found by Bialic‐Murphy, L. et al ( unpublished manuscript ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Negative effects of an allelopathic invader on AM fungal plant species drive community‐level responses

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Bialic‐Murphy

et al. 2020

Ecology

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Soil microbial communities are not altered by garlic mustard in recently invaded central Illinois forests

2022

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The invasive forest plant garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) has been shown to alter soil microbial communities in the northeastern part of its invaded range in the United States, and this disruption of soil communities may contribute to its invasion success. However, garlic mustard allelochemistry can vary with invasion age, and it is not clear whether garlic mustard's impacts on soil microbes are consistent over its invaded range. Here, we compare the composition and diversity of soil fungal, bacterial, and archaeal communities among garlic mustard present, absent, and removed treatments in replicated blocks across five forests in the midwestern United States with relatively young garlic mustard invasions (approximately 17-26 years old, with consistent management). We collected samples in May and August, corresponding to garlic mustard active and senescent life history stages. While soil fungal and bacterial/ archaeal communities (based on ITS2 region and 16S rRNA gene DNA sequencing, respectively) differed significantly between different blocks/forests and over time, we found no significant effect of garlic mustard treatment on soil microbial community composition or the relative abundance of mycorrhizal, saprotrophic, or pathogenic fungal guilds. The lack of garlic mustard impacts on the soil microbial community in recently invaded central Illinois forests suggests that these well-documented impacts in the northeastern United States and in older invasions cannot necessarily be generalized across all environmental contexts.

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Fungal communities do not recover after removing invasive Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard)

Cited by 16 publications

References 58 publications

Plant invasion impacts on fungal community structure and function depend on soil warming and nitrogen enrichment

Plant invasion impacts on fungal community structure and function depend on soil warming and nitrogen enrichment

Negative effects of an allelopathic invader on AM fungal plant species drive community‐level responses

Soil microbial communities are not altered by garlic mustard in recently invaded central Illinois forests

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