Fungal communities in European alpine soils are not affected by short‐term <i>in situ</i> simulated warming than bacterial communities

Sannino, Ciro; Cannone, Nicoletta; D’Alò, Federica; Franzetti, Andrea; Gandolfi, Isabella; Pittino, Francesca; Turchetti, Benedetta; Mezzasoma, Ambra; Zucconi, Laura; Buzzini, Pietro; Guglielmin, Mauro; Onofri, Silvano

doi:10.1111/1462-2920.16090

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…In disagreement with our first hypothesis, a high abundance of Ascomycota was found in both sites. This finding is in line with a previous metabarcoding analysis in permafrost and in cold environments [18,41,[91][92][93][94]. Likewise, the high abundance of Mortierellomycota (represented by the genus Mortierella, mainly in LAV) is not surprising.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Distinct taxonomic and functional profiles of high Arctic and alpine permafrost-affected soil microbiomes

Sannino

Rüthi

et al. 2023

Environmental Microbiome

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Background Global warming is affecting all cold environments, including the European Alps and Arctic regions. Here, permafrost may be considered a unique ecosystem harboring a distinct microbiome. The frequent freeze–thaw cycles occurring in permafrost-affected soils, and mainly in the seasonally active top layers, modify microbial communities and consequently ecosystem processes. Although taxonomic responses of the microbiomes in permafrost-affected soils have been widely documented, studies about how the microbial genetic potential, especially pathways involved in C and N cycling, changes between active-layer soils and permafrost soils are rare. Here, we used shotgun metagenomics to analyze the microbial and functional diversity and the metabolic potential of permafrost-affected soil collected from an alpine site (Val Lavirun, Engadin area, Switzerland) and a High Arctic site (Station Nord, Villum Research Station, Greenland). The main goal was to discover the key genes abundant in the active-layer and permafrost soils, with the purpose to highlight the potential role of the functional genes found. Results We observed differences between the alpine and High Arctic sites in alpha- and beta-diversity, and in EggNOG, CAZy, and NCyc datasets. In the High Arctic site, the metagenome in permafrost soil had an overrepresentation (relative to that in active-layer soil) of genes involved in lipid transport by fatty acid desaturate and ABC transporters, i.e. genes that are useful in preventing microorganisms from freezing by increasing membrane fluidity, and genes involved in cell defense mechanisms. The majority of CAZy and NCyc genes were overrepresented in permafrost soils relative to active-layer soils in both localities, with genes involved in the degradation of carbon substrates and in the degradation of N compounds indicating high microbial activity in permafrost in response to climate warming. Conclusions Our study on the functional characteristics of permafrost microbiomes underlines the remarkably high functional gene diversity of the High Arctic and temperate mountain permafrost, including a broad range of C- and N-cycling genes, and multiple survival and energetic metabolisms. Their metabolic versatility in using organic materials from ancient soils undergoing microbial degradation determine organic matter decomposition and greenhouse gas emissions upon permafrost thawing. Attention to their functional genes is therefore essential to predict potential soil-climate feedbacks to the future warmer climate.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Distinct taxonomic and functional profiles of high Arctic and alpine permafrost-affected soil microbiomes

Sannino

Rüthi

et al. 2023

Environmental Microbiome

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“…A previous study has demonstrated that soil bacterial communities adapted to environmental changes through changes in the proportions of their taxa, while fungi changed their rare taxa in response to the environmental change along a precipitation gradient ( Wang et al, 2021 ). It was also found that bacteria and fungi respond differently to warming, indicating that the bacterial community was significantly affected by short-term warming but the fungal community was not ( Sannino et al, 2022 ). Our results showed that both bacterial and fungal diversities were significantly decreased and affected by warming and they were not affected by increasing precipitation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing precipitation weakened the negative effects of simulated warming on soil microbial community composition in a semi-arid sandy grassland

Wang

Jiang²,

Li³

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Soil microbial diversity, composition, and function are sensitive to global change factors. It has been predicted that the temperature and precipitation will increase in northern China. Although many studies have been carried out to reveal how global change factors affect soil microbial biomass and composition in terrestrial ecosystems, it is still unexplored how soil microbial diversity and composition, especially in microbial functional genes, respond to increasing precipitation and warming in a semiarid grassland of northern China. A field experiment was established to simulate warming and increasing precipitation in a temperate semiarid grassland of the Horqin region. Soil bacterial (16S) and fungal (ITS1) diversity, composition, and functional genes were analyzed after two growing seasons. The result showed that warming exerted negative effects on soil microbial diversity, composition, and predicted functional genes associated with carbon and nitrogen cycles. Increasing precipitation did not change soil microbial diversity, but it weakened the negative effects of simulated warming on soil microbial diversity. Bacterial and fungal diversities respond consistently to the global change scenario in semiarid sandy grassland, but the reasons were different for bacteria and fungi. The co-occurrence of warming and increasing precipitation will alleviate the negative effects of global change on biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation under a predicted climate change scenario in a semiarid grassland. Our results provide evidence that soil microbial diversity, composition, and function changed under climate change conditions, and it will improve the predictive models of the ecological changes of temperate grassland in future climate change scenarios.

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“…Both plant communities are highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and are at high risk of regression due to the ingression of species from neighbouring communities (Cannone et al, 2007 ; Cannone & Pignatti, 2014 ; Malfasi & Cannone, 2021 ). To study the effect of short‐term warming, a manipulative experiment was conducted in situ (D'Alò et al, 2021 , 2022 ; Sannino et al, 2022 ). In 2014, small hexagonal OTCs (2.08 m in diameter) were installed in both Alpine grassland and Alpine snowbed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 5‐year experimental warming in the Alpine belt on soil Archaea: Multi‐omics approaches and prospects

D’Alò

Zucconi

Onofri

et al. 2023

Environ Microbiol Rep

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We currently lack a predictive understanding of how soil archaeal communities may respond to climate change, particularly in Alpine areas where warming is far exceeding the global average. Here, we characterized the abundance, structure, and function of total (by metagenomics) and active soil archaea (by metatranscriptomics) after 5-year experimental field warming (+1 C) in Italian Alpine grasslands and snowbeds. Our multi-omics approach unveiled an increasing abundance of Archaea during warming in snowbeds, which was negatively correlated with the abundance of fungi (by qPCR) and micronutrients (Ca and Mg), but positively correlated with soil water content. In the snowbeds transcripts, warming resulted in the enrichment of abundances of transcription and nucleotide biosynthesis. Our study provides novel insights into possible changes in soil Archaea composition and function in the climate change scenario.

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Fungal communities in European alpine soils are not affected by short‐term in situ simulated warming than bacterial communities

Cited by 6 publications

References 108 publications

Distinct taxonomic and functional profiles of high Arctic and alpine permafrost-affected soil microbiomes

Distinct taxonomic and functional profiles of high Arctic and alpine permafrost-affected soil microbiomes

Increasing precipitation weakened the negative effects of simulated warming on soil microbial community composition in a semi-arid sandy grassland

Effects of 5‐year experimental warming in the Alpine belt on soil Archaea: Multi‐omics approaches and prospects

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