Fungal community dynamics across a forest–alpine ecotone

Tonjer, Lea-Rebekka; Thoen, Ella; Morgado, Luis; Botnen, Synnøve Smebye; Mundra, Sunil; Nybakken, Line; Bryn, Anders; Kauserud, Håvard

doi:10.1111/mec.16095

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Other studies at treeline indicate a decline in EcM and increase in ascomycetes from forest to tundra at the TTE (Tonjer et al, 2021). The shift from basidiomycetous, EcM‐dominated fungal communities to ascomycetous communities has been associated with the slowing of decomposition and soil C accumulation (Clemmensen et al, 2021; Tonjer et al, 2021). Together this suggests that increases in tree density and projected treeline expansion may result in rapid biogeochemical cycling associated with vegetation (Hewitt et al, in press) as observed here and soil stocks (Clemmensen et al, 2021, Tonjer et al, 2021) that are influenced by the composition of root‐associated fungi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Yet, we are not aware of studies linking their abundances to standlevel above-ground N dynamics. Other studies at treeline indicate a decline in EcM and increase in ascomycetes from forest to tundra at the TTE (Tonjer et al, 2021). The shift from basidiomycetous, EcM-dominated fungal communities to ascomycetous communities has been associated with the slowing of decomposition and soil C accumulation (Clemmensen et al, 2021;Tonjer et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The shift from basidiomycetous, EcM‐dominated fungal communities to ascomycetous communities has been associated with the slowing of decomposition and soil C accumulation (Clemmensen et al, 2021; Tonjer et al, 2021). Together this suggests that increases in tree density and projected treeline expansion may result in rapid biogeochemical cycling associated with vegetation (Hewitt et al, in press) as observed here and soil stocks (Clemmensen et al, 2021, Tonjer et al, 2021) that are influenced by the composition of root‐associated fungi. Thus, plant–fungal interactions must be considered in modelling parameterizations of treeline dynamics and C and N cycling at the TTE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Root‐associated fungi not tree density influences stand nitrogen dynamics at the larch forest–tundra ecotone

et al. 2022

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Greater tree density and forest productivity at the tundra–taiga ecotone (TTE) are expected with climate warming, with potential feedbacks to the climate system. Yet, competition for nitrogen (N) may impact TTE dynamics. Greater tree density will likely increase N demand, while reducing N supply through soil shading and slower decomposition rates. We explored whether characteristics of roots and root‐associated fungi important to N acquisition responded to changes in density at the TTE and were related to above‐ground stand productivity and N cycling. We measured rooting depth, uptake of N forms among soil layers and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) colonization and composition along a natural tree density gradient of monodominant larch Larix cajanderi in northeastern Siberia. We tested relationships between larch root and fungal characteristics, above‐ground productivity and stand‐level N cycling parameters. Overall, there was preferential uptake of ammonium compared to glycine or nitrate. Nitrogen uptake was greatest in shallow soils of the organic horizon and related to root chemistry, root‐associated fungi and above‐ground N cycling parameters, but the direction of these relationships depended on N form. Uptake of different N forms, rooting depth and EcM colonization and composition were not related to tree density, but fungal composition was correlated with root N chemistry and above‐ground N cycling parameters. In addition to EcM, the abundance of dark septate endophytes and other ascomycetous taxa was positively related to N uptake and above‐ground N cycling parameters. Synthesis. There was little impact of tree density on root and fungal parameters related to N acquisition suggesting intraspecific larch competition for N was not amplified with increased density. There was, however, a strong impact of root‐associated fungi on N uptake and stand N dynamics regardless of tree density. Together, this suggests an important role of root‐associated fungi on broadscale patterns of N cycling in TTE larch forests independent of changes in tree density expected with climate warming.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Root‐associated fungi not tree density influences stand nitrogen dynamics at the larch forest–tundra ecotone

et al. 2022

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“…While the ecology of class Archaeorhizomycetes is poorly resolved, their abundance in the soil is currently disputed. Even so, Tonjer et al (2021) reported that these root-associated ascomycetes probably promote high Carbon turnover. At the family level, we found one taxa, affiliated with degraded hemicellulose, significantly enriched in the YinC group, i.e., Pseudeurotiaceae ( Leung et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Fungal Microbiome Responses to Natural Cryptosporidium Infection in Horses

Wang

Chen

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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It is critical to characterize changes in the structure and composition of the host fungal community in natural Cryptosporidium infection, because it gives the possible overview of gut microbiome in host homeostasis and disease progression. A total of 168 rectal fecal samples were collected and examined using nPCR. The positive samples were double-checked using 18S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. After confirmation, ITS high-throughput sequencing was utilized to investigate the fungal community’s response to natural Cryptosporidium infection. Results showed that a total of three positive samples (1.79%) were identified with an increased abundance of fungi associated with health hazards, such as class Dothideomycetes, families, i.e., Cladosporiaceae, Glomerellaceae, and genera, i.e., Wickerhamomyces, Talaromyces, Cladosporium, Dactylonectria, and Colletotrichum. On the contrary, taxa associated with favorable physiological effects on the host were shown to have the reverse impact, such as families, i.e., Psathyrellaceae, Pseudeurotiaceae and genera (Beauveria, Nigrospora, and Diversispora). For the first time, we evaluated the condition of natural Cryptosporidium infection in horses in Wuhan, China, and discovered distinct variations in the fungal microbiome in response to natural infection. It might prompt a therapy or prevention strategy to apply specific fungal microorganisms that are probably responsible for decreased susceptibility or increased resistance to infection.

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“…In areas with short growing seasons such as at Finse, a quick development of new leaves on deciduous shrubs is needed to reduce the risk of missing the opportunity to grow. This quick leaf development is accomplished through mobilization of belowground stored assimilates from the previous year (Karlsson, 1985;Körner and Renhardt, 1987;Tonjer et al, 2021). Although beyond the scope of this study, such below-ground responses could be explored using factorial experiments with minirhizotron tubes in climate chambers (Blume-Werry et al, 2019).…”

Section: Nee and Et Budgetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snow-vegetation-atmosphere interactions in alpine tundra

Pirk

Aalstad

Yılmaz

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. The interannual variability of snow cover in alpine areas is increasing, which may affect the tightly coupled cycles of carbon and water through snow-vegetation-atmosphere interactions across a range of spatio-temporal scales. To explore the role of snow cover for the land-atmosphere exchange of CO2 and water vapor in alpine tundra ecosystems, we combined three years (2019–2021) of continuous eddy covariance flux measurements of net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) and evapotranspiration (ET) from the Finse site in alpine Norway (1210 m a.s.l.) with a ground-based ecosystem-type classification and satellite imagery from Sentinel-2, Landsat 8, and MODIS. While the snow conditions in 2019 and 2021 can be described as site-typical, 2020 features an extreme snow accumulation associated with a strong negative phase of the Scandinavian Pattern of the synoptic atmospheric circulation during spring. This extreme snow accumulation caused a one-month delay in melt-out date, which falls on the 92nd-percentile in the distribution of yearly melt-out dates in the period 2001–2021. The melt-out dates follow a consistent fine-scale spatial relationship with ecosystem types across years. Mountain and lichen heathlands melt out more heterogeneously than fens and flood plains, while late snowbeds melt out up to one month later than the other ecosystem types. While the summertime average Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was reduced considerably during the extreme snow year 2020, it reached the same maximum as in the other years for all but one the ecosystem type (late snowbeds), indicating that the delayed onset of vegetation growth is compensated to the same maximum productivity. Eddy covariance estimates of NEE and ET are gap-filled separately for two wind sectors using a random forest regression model to account for complex and nonlinear ecohydrological interactions. While the two wind sectors differ markedly in vegetation composition and flux magnitudes, their flux response is controlled by the same drivers as estimated by the predictor importance of the random forest model as well as the high correlation of flux magnitudes (correlation coefficient r = 0.92 for NEE and r = 0.89 for ET) between both areas. The one-month delay of the start of the snow-free season in 2020 reduced the total annual ET by 50 % compared to 2019 and 2021, and reduced the growing season carbon assimilation to turn the ecosystem from a moderate annual carbon sink (−31 to −6 gC m−2 yr−1) to a source (34 to 20 gC m−2 yr−1). These results underpin the strong dependence of ecosystem structure and functioning on snow dynamics, whose anomalies can result in important ecological extreme events for alpine ecosystems.

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Fungal community dynamics across a forest–alpine ecotone

Cited by 20 publications

References 102 publications

Root‐associated fungi not tree density influences stand nitrogen dynamics at the larch forest–tundra ecotone

Root‐associated fungi not tree density influences stand nitrogen dynamics at the larch forest–tundra ecotone

Gut Fungal Microbiome Responses to Natural Cryptosporidium Infection in Horses

Snow-vegetation-atmosphere interactions in alpine tundra

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