Fungal decomposition of attached angiosperm twigs

Abstract

SUMMARYMany fungi commonly isolated (> 5 % isolation frequency) from dead attached ash (Fraxinus exeelsior L.), beech {Fagus sylvatica L.) and oak {Quercus robur L.) twigs were capable of growth at water potentials below -6 MPa, including Phomopsis spp., Cryptosporiopsis spp., Libertella fraxinea Oganova, Fusarium lateritium Nees. and Aureobasidium pullulans (De Bary) Arnaud. Several of these underwent morphological switches at low water potentials. Growth of almost all basidiomycetes common in dead twigs, including Peniophora spp. and Vuilleminia cornedens (Nees.; Fr.) Maire, was inhibited at water potentials below -4 MPa.The ecology of fungi commonly isolated from dead ash twigs was studied in greater detail. All except Peniophora lycii (Pers.) V. Hohn & Litch and L. fraxinea, survived in wood for 1 yr at extremely low water potentials (below -200 MPa). P. lycii was the only species that grew at low temperatures (<5 °C). Water potential was a major determinant of decay rate. Generally, even at high water potentials, decay by individual fungi over a 1 yr period was limited to 20-30 % dry weight losses. However, at -0-05 and -0-8 MPa P. lycii caused 70 % weight loss, and L. fraxinea caused 50% weight loss at -4-1 MPa (its optimal water potential for decay). At water potentials between -4 and -9 MPa L. fraxinea, Phomopsis platanoidis Died, and unidentified sp. 12 were capable of producing significant lignocellulose decay.

Influence of resource unit distribution and quality on the activity of soil fungi in a particulate medium

“…Lolium perenne lamina, for example, might contain from 20 to 127 mg g −" lignin (Spedding & Diekmahns, 1972). Fusarium lateritium was able to utilize a greater proportion of the lamina than the other species, in line with its ability to produce limited but significant weight loss in more highly lignified tissues such as dead attached and shed twigs of deciduous trees, via a type of soft rot (Griffith, 1989 ;Griffith & Boddy, 1991).…”

“…The observed temporal changes in mycelial activity are typical for fungi growing on finite quantities of resource (Griffith & Boddy, 1991), and reflect resource utilization. Peaks in mycelial activity (Fig.…”

Modelling the Time Factor in the Development of Brown Rot Decay in Pine and Spruce Sapwood - The Effect of Critical Humidity and Temperature Conditions

“…Serpula lacrymans and Coniophora puteana. The moisture conditions needed for spore germination and mycelial growth of brown rot fungi lie close to the fibre saturation point of the wood, and the relativeJhumidity above 94 to 98% depending on the temperature (Bauer 1987;Boddy 1983Boddy , 1986Griffin 1977;Griffith and Boddy 1991;Viitanen and Paajanen 1988;Viitanen and Ritschkoff 1991).…”

“…Griffin (1977) and Boddy (1983Boddy ( , 1986 have studied the effect of water potential and temperature on the growth of wood-rotting fungi and Griffith and Boddy (1991) the decay rate of small twigs and branches in a temperate deciduous woodland. Viitanen and Ritschkof (1991) have studied the growth and decay of C. puteana in different humidity conditions.…”

Production of phenol-oxidizing enzymes in the interaction between white-rot fungi

“…Dual culture tests of fungus pairs were performed with initial seeding at 5-cm distance on MA media (malt extract, 2%; agar 1.5%) at 28°C. MA medium was used to experiment with the interactive behavior of wood-rotting fungi because the behavior in this culture correlates well with their patterns of occurrence in the field (Griffith and Boddy 1991). After the predominance in confrontation was observed, the localities of laccase and peroxidase were determined by pouring substrate solutions (1.44% a-naphtol in 96% aqueous ethanol, and a mixture of 1% pyrogarol and 0.4% H 2 O 2 , respectively) on the culture plates in accordance with White and Boddy (1992).…”