Fungal development and the COP9 signalosome

Braus, Gerhard H.; Irniger, Stefan; Bayram, Özgür

doi:10.1016/j.mib.2010.09.011

Cited by 84 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The life cycle is light-dependent. During illumination, primarily green asexual spores (conidia) are formed on conidiophores, whereas the sexual structures are repressed by light and primarily formed in dark and under limited oxygen levels (Adams et al, 1998;Bayram et al, 2010;Braus et al, 2010Braus et al, , 2002Purschwitz et al, 2008). The closed sexual fruiting bodies (cleistothecia) are surrounded by nursing Hülle cells (Sarikaya Bayram et al, 2010) and contain the red ascospores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal S-adenosylmethionine synthetase and the control of development and secondary metabolism in Aspergillus nidulans

Gerke

Bayram

Braus

2012

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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a b s t r a c tThe filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans carries a single gene for the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthetase SasA, whereas many other organisms possess multiple SAM synthetases. The conserved enzyme catalyzes the reaction of methionine and ATP to the ubiquitous methyl group donor SAM. SAM is the main methyl group donor for methyltransferases to modify DNA, RNA, protein, metabolites, or phospholipid target substrates. We show here that the single A. nidulans SAM synthetase encoding gene sasA is essential. Overexpression of sasA, encoding a predominantly cytoplasmic protein, led to impaired development including only small sterile fruiting bodies which are surrounded by unusually pigmented auxiliary Hülle cells. Hülle cells are the only fungal cell type which does not contain significant amounts of SasA. Sterigmatocystin production is altered when sasA is overexpressed, suggesting defects in coordination of development and secondary metabolism. SasA interacts with various metabolic proteins including methionine or mitochondrial metabolic enzymes as well as proteins involved in fungal morphogenesis. SasA interaction to histone-2B might reflect a putative epigenetic link to gene expression. Our data suggest a distinct role of SasA in coordinating fungal secondary metabolism and development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal S-adenosylmethionine synthetase and the control of development and secondary metabolism in Aspergillus nidulans

Gerke

Bayram

Braus

2012

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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“…In addition, while Plks of worms, flies, and mice function during development (19,39,56,71), none were shown to negatively regulate a sexual reproduction program. The mechanisms by which PLKA influences reproduction are not yet clear, but future work will determine how it may impinge on the known circuitry governing developmental decisions in A. nidulans (8,10,12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Polo-Like Kinase PLKA in Aspergillus nidulans Is Not Essential but Plays Important Roles during Vegetative Growth and Development

2012

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The Polo-like kinases (Plks) are conserved, multifunctional cell cycle regulators that are induced in many forms of cancer and play additional roles in metazoan development. We previously identified plkA in Aspergillus nidulans, the only Plk investigated in filamentous fungi to date, and partially characterized its function through overexpression. Here, we report the plkA null phenotype. Surprisingly, plkA was not essential, unlike Plks in other organisms that contain a single homologue. A subset of cells lacking PLKA contained defects in spindle formation and chromosome organization, supporting some conservation in cell cycle function. However, septa were present, suggesting that PLKA, unlike other Plks, is not a central regulator of septation. Colonies lacking PLKA were compact with multibranched hyphae, implying a role for this factor in aspects of hyphal morphogenesis. These defects were suppressed by high temperature or low concentrations of benomyl, suggesting that PLKA may function during vegetative growth by influencing microtubule dynamics. However, the colonies also showed reduced conidiation and precocious formation of sexual Hülle cells in a benomyl-and temperature-insensitive manner. This result suggests that PLKA may influence reproduction through distinct mechanisms and represents the first example of a link between Plk function and development in fungi. Finally, filamentous fungal Plks have distinct features, and phylogenetic analyses reveal that they may group more closely with metazoan PLK4. In contrast, yeast Plks are more similar to metazoan proteins PLK1 to PLK3. Thus, A. nidulans PLKA shows some conservation in cell cycle function but may also play novel roles during hyphal morphogenesis and development.

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“…All of these processes are related to the photoconidiation response of T. atroviride, as evidenced by transcriptome analyses (Esquivel-Naranjo et al, submitted). In plants, the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway has been related broadly to light responses and plant development (40); additionally, the conserved COP9 signalosome (CSN) is required for lightcontrolled responses in filamentous fungi (9). In addition, many of the differentially regulated proteins were implicated in protein synthesis and protein fate, and most of these enzymes showed the highest levels of upregulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic Analysis of Trichoderma atroviride Reveals Independent Roles for Transcription Factors BLR-1 and BLR-2 in Light and Darkness

2012

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The genus Trichoderma is one of the most widely used biological control agents of plant-pathogenic fungi. The main mechanism for survival and dispersal of Trichoderma is through the production of asexual spores (conidia). The transition from filamentous growth to conidiation can be triggered by light, nutrient deprivation, and mechanical damage of the mycelium. We conducted proteomic profiling analyses of Trichoderma atroviride after a blue light pulse. The use of two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis allowed us to identify 72 proteins whose expression was affected by blue light. Functional category analysis showed that the various proteins are involved in metabolism, cell rescue, and protein synthesis. We determined the relationship between mRNA levels of selected genes 30 min after a light pulse and protein expression levels at different times after the pulse and found this correlation to be very weak. The correlation was highest when protein and mRNA levels were compared for the same time point. The transcription factors BLR-1 and BLR-2 are vital to the photoconidiation process; here we demonstrate that both BLR proteins are active in darkness and affect several elements at both the transcript and protein levels. Unexpectedly, in darkness, downregulation of proteins prevailed in the ⌬blr-1 mutant, while upregulation of proteins predominated in the ⌬blr-2 mutant. Our data demonstrate that the BLR proteins play roles individually and as a complex.

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Fungal development and the COP9 signalosome

Cited by 84 publications

References 53 publications

Fungal S-adenosylmethionine synthetase and the control of development and secondary metabolism in Aspergillus nidulans

Fungal S-adenosylmethionine synthetase and the control of development and secondary metabolism in Aspergillus nidulans

The Polo-Like Kinase PLKA in Aspergillus nidulans Is Not Essential but Plays Important Roles during Vegetative Growth and Development

Proteomic Analysis of Trichoderma atroviride Reveals Independent Roles for Transcription Factors BLR-1 and BLR-2 in Light and Darkness

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