Fungal diseases of the respiratory tract

Dorko, Erik; Pilipčinec, E.; Tkáčiková, Ľudmila

doi:10.1007/bf02817657

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This finding corroborates with the observation of Kaur R et al and Dorko E et al 4,13 The pus samples collected from superficial wounds, like burn wounds and bed sores, showed mainly the growth of Candida, whereas the sample collected from deep wounds or sinuses mostly showed filamentous fungi belonging to the dematiaceous group. These results are in agreement with the findings of Dowd SE et al 13 Samples from unopened abscess cavities and surgical sites showed no growth of fungi. 14 From skin and its appendages dermatophytes were the major isolates consisting of Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophyte, Microsporum and Epidermophyton spp.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Spectrum of Fungal Isolates in Different Clinical Samples

D¹,

Sahu²,

Hembram³

2017

jemds

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BACKGROUNDFungal infections are on the rise due to changing practices in medical care; increase in the immunocompromised states, and due to increase in the use of antibiotics and steroid therapy. Currently, the awareness levels among the medical personnel regarding fungal diseases are lacking. More and more cases of fungal infections are being reported from cases of AIDS, malignancy, and transplant recipients, patients in ICU or on steroid therapy. Indiscriminate use of antibiotic therapy is another reason for the growing incidence of fungal infections. MATERIALS AND METHODSA retrospective study was undertaken to know the burden of fungal infection in different clinical samples. A total number of 3146 clinical samples from different in-patient departments processed in the microbiology laboratory of a tertiary care teaching hospital were analysed. The samples were processed for microscopy by KOH mount, Gram stain, negative stain, Lactophenol cotton blue stain and culture on SDA with Chloramphenicol, BHI broth (for blood), Dalmau culture on CMA, Slide culture and relevant biochemical tests depending on the type of sample and were identified by standard algorithm. RESULTSIt was seen that most of the isolates belonged to yeasts comprising C. albicans (45%) followed by C. tropicalis (33.6%). The samples from the genital tract, oropharyngeal swabs, blood, urine, CSF and faeces showed no isolation of filamentous fungi. Moulds were mainly isolated from respiratory samples, skin and its appendages, aural swabs and deep wounds. Dermatophytes formed the major isolates from skin and its appendages. CONCLUSIONA more detailed study is needed to know the socio-epidemiological prevalence of these infections and their burden in the community and in hospitalised patients.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Spectrum of Fungal Isolates in Different Clinical Samples

D¹,

Sahu²,

Hembram³

2017

jemds

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“…Exposure to infectious fungi can cause the progression of airway disease and lead to death. Fungi have become an ever-increasing threat to human health owing to global climate change [1] , [2] ; sensitization to airborne pathogenic fungi can cause respiratory tract diseases due to components such as chitin, glycan, toxins, and protease [2] , [3] . Aspergillus species are the most common fungi found in the airway and their proteases contribute to diseases such as allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and atopic asthma [2] , [4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TGF-β/SMAD4 mediated UCP2 downregulation contributes to Aspergillus protease-induced inflammation in primary bronchial epithelial cells

Kim

Lee

2018

Redox Biology

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Elevated levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to the development of airway inflammation. In this study, we investigated the role of Aspergillus proteases—which contribute to the pathogenesis of Aspergillus-induced diseases such as allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and atopic asthma—and their mechanisms of action in airway inflammation using primary human bronchial epithelial cells, and evaluated the inflammatory responses mediated by mitochondrial ROS. We found that Aspergillus proteases regulated the expression of multifunctional inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)− 1β, − 6, and − 8, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, which stimulated cytokine production and chemokines involved in leukocyte migration and activated an inflammatory cascade. Expression of these factors and activator protein (AP)− 1 were decreased by treatment with the mitochondrial ROS scavenger Mito-TEMPO, suggesting that mitochondria are important sources of ROS in the context of inflammatory response by Aspergillus protease. The regulation of mitochondrial ROS influenced the production of proinflammatory mediators by preventing mitochondrial ROS-induced AP-1 activation in airway epithelial cells. In addition, Aspergillus protease-mediated mitochondrial ROS production was associated with downregulation of uncoupling protein (UCP)− 2 expression by TGF-β-SMAD4 signaling, which may play a regulatory role in mitochondrial ROS formation during fungal protease-mediated epithelial inflammation. This improved understanding of the allergenic fungal protease-induced inflammatory mechanism in the bronchial epithelium will help in developing intervention strategies for the regulation of inflammatory response in allergic airway diseases.

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PrimersITS1, ITS2 andITS4 detect the intraspecies variability in the internal transcribed spacers and 5.8S rRNA gene region in clinical isolates of fungi

2003

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Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 5.8S rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) was used for examination of 66 isolates belonging to 19 species. Intraspecies variability was found in the examined region of 11 species (Candida albicans, C. catenulata, C. colliculosa, C. glabrata, C. kefyr, C. melinii, C. parapsilosis, C. guillermondii, C. solanii, C. tropicalis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Region of ITS-5.8S rDNA was amplified using the primers ITS1 and ITS4. The amplicons were digested by HaeIII, HinfI and CfoI. The recognized intraspecies variability was confirmed in the second step, in which the shorter fragments of this region were amplified using primers ITS1 and ITS2 and analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. Considerable intraspecific variability renders this method unsuitable for species identification, whereas it can be useful for epidemiological tracing of isolates.

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Fungal diseases of the respiratory tract

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Spectrum of Fungal Isolates in Different Clinical Samples

Spectrum of Fungal Isolates in Different Clinical Samples

TGF-β/SMAD4 mediated UCP2 downregulation contributes to Aspergillus protease-induced inflammation in primary bronchial epithelial cells

PrimersITS1, ITS2 andITS4 detect the intraspecies variability in the internal transcribed spacers and 5.8S rRNA gene region in clinical isolates of fungi

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