Fungal effectors at the crossroads of phytohormone signaling

Shen, Qing; Liu, Yingyao; Naqvi, Naweed I.

doi:10.1016/j.mib.2018.01.006

Cited by 60 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Bacterial and fungal pathogens have evolved to target the phytohormone network to subvert plant immunity, often by exploiting the interconnected feature of the phytohormone signaling networks . Hormone crosstalk suppressing SA (e.g., JA‐SA, ABA‐SA, and auxin‐SA) is often exploited by biotrophic bacterial pathogens that are sensitive to SA‐mediated immunity.…”

Section: Immune Signaling Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the course of coevolution with host plants, pathogens have evolved diverse virulence mechanisms to manipulate components of the plant immune networks . A remarkable example is that many pathogens deploy effector proteins or produce phytohormones or their mimics to exploit existing antagonistic interactions in the phytohormone signaling networks, thereby dampening plant immunity . Thus, the interconnectivity in the plant immune networks provides not only versatile regulation in plants but also vulnerability to pathogen exploitation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Molecular networks in plant–pathogen holobiont

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Edited by Wilhelm JustPlant immune receptors enable detection of a multitude of microbes including pathogens. The recognition of microbes activates various plant signaling pathways, such as those mediated by phytohormones. Over the course of coevolution with microbes, plants have expanded their repertoire of immune receptors and signaling components, resulting in highly interconnected plant immune networks. These immune networks enable plants to appropriately respond to different types of microbes and to coordinate immune responses with developmental programs and environmental stress responses. However, the interconnectivity in plant immune networks is exploited by microbial pathogens to promote pathogen fitness in plants. Analogous to plant immune networks, virulence-related pathways in bacterial pathogens are also interconnected. Accumulating evidence implies that some plant-derived compounds target bacterial virulence networks. Thus, the plant immune and bacterial virulence networks intimately interact with each other. Here, we highlight recent insights into the structures of the plant immune and bacterial virulence networks and the interactions between them. We propose that small molecules derived from plants and/or bacterial pathogens connect the two molecular networks, forming supernetworks in the plant-bacterial pathogen holobiont.

show abstract

Section: Immune Signaling Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular networks in plant–pathogen holobiont

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the present study, expression of PR1-1 in transgenic poplar was lower than that in WT poplar, and PR1-2 expression in transgenic poplar was higher than that in WT poplar before S. populiperda infection. However, PR1-1 and PR1-2 expression in transgenic poplar at 12 h was lower than that in WT poplar, and vice versa at 72 h. Therefore, PR1-1 expression was downregulated before infection but was upregulated at 24 and 72 h. PR1-2 expression also increased at 72 h. Coronatine-insensitive 1 (COI1) is a regulatory signal switch in the JA signaling pathway and is involved in JA metabolism (Feys and Parker, 2000;Shen et al, 2018). In the present study, COI1-1 and COI1-2 expression in transgenic poplar was lower than that in WT poplar before infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization, Expression Profiling, and Functional Analysis of PtDef, a Defensin-Encoding Gene From Populus trichocarpa

Wei

Movahedi

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PtDef cloned from Populus trichocarpa contained eight cysteine domains specific to defensins. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that PtDef was expressed in all tissues tested, with lower expression in leaves and higher expression in petioles, stems, and roots. Purified fused PtDef inhibited Aspergillus niger, Alternaria Nees, Mucor corymbifer, Marssonina populi, Rhizopus sp., and Neurospora crassa. PtDef also inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli by triggering autolysis. PtDef overexpression in Nanlin895 poplar (Populus × euramericana cv. Nanlin895) enhanced the level of resistance to Septotinia populiperda. qRT-PCR analysis also showed that the expression of 13 genes related to salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signal transduction differed between transgenic and wild-type (WT) poplars before and after inoculation, and that PR1-1 (12-72 h), NPR1-2, TGA1, and MYC2-1 expression was higher in transgenic poplars than in WT. During the hypersensitivity response (HR), large amounts of H 2 O 2 were produced by the poplar lines, particularly 12-24 h after inoculation; the rate and magnitude of the H 2 O 2 concentration increase were greater in transgenic lines than in WT. Overall, our findings suggest that PtDef, a defensin-encoding gene of P. trichocarpa, could be used for genetic engineering of woody plants for enhanced disease resistance.

show abstract

“…HC‐toxin and depudecin; Walton, ; Wight et al ., ). Finally, almost all fungi produce or modify plant hormones (jasmonic acid, auxin, cytokinins, gibberellic acids, abscisic acid), thereby perturbing the corresponding plant hormone signalling pathways (Patkar et al ., ; Shen et al ., ). The modification of signalling pathways controlling plant root development was suggested in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor for volatile sesquiterpenes involved in symbiosis establishment (Ditengou et al ., ).…”

Section: Fungal Sms: More Than Just Toxic Effectorsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nonproteinaceous effectors: the terra incognita of plant–fungal interactions

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Molecular plant–fungal interaction studies have mainly focused on small secreted protein effectors. However, accumulating evidence shows that numerous fungal secondary metabolites are produced at all stages of plant colonization, especially during early asymptomatic/biotrophic phases. The discovery of fungal small RNAs targeting plant transcripts has expanded the fungal repertoire of nonproteinaceous effectors even further. The challenge now is to develop specific functional methods to fully understand the biological roles of these effectors. Studies on fungal extracellular vesicles are also needed because they could be the universal carriers of all kinds of fungal effectors. With this review, we aim to stimulate the nonproteinaceous effector research field to move from descriptive to functional studies, which should bring a paradigm shift in plant–fungal interactions.

show abstract

Fungal effectors at the crossroads of phytohormone signaling

Cited by 60 publications

References 40 publications

Molecular networks in plant–pathogen holobiont

Molecular networks in plant–pathogen holobiont

Characterization, Expression Profiling, and Functional Analysis of PtDef, a Defensin-Encoding Gene From Populus trichocarpa

Nonproteinaceous effectors: the terra incognita of plant–fungal interactions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About