Fungal endocarditis in transplant recipients: A systematic review

Ιωάννου, Πέτρος; Papakitsou, Ioanna; Kofteridis, Diamantis P.

doi:10.1111/myc.13132

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…However, in this study, the most common fungal cause of IE in patients with liver transplantation was Aspergillus spp. and the same is the case in other patients with organ transplantation [ 59 , 62 ]. Since the number of fungal IE in this study was small, these results should be addressed with caution.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Endocarditis in Liver Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review

Ιωάννου

Alexakis

Kofteridis

2021

JCM

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Infective Endocarditis (IE) is associated with significant mortality. Interestingly, IE in patients with liver transplantation has not been adequately described. The aim of this review was to systematically review all published cases of IE in liver transplant recipients and describe their epidemiology, microbiology, clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes. A systematic review of PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library (through 2nd January 2021) for studies providing epidemiological, clinical, microbiological, treatment data and outcomes of IE in liver transplant recipients was conducted. A total of 39 studies, containing data for 62 patients, were included in the analysis. The most common causative pathogens were gram-positive microorganisms in 69.4%, fungi in 25.8%, and gram-negative microorganisms in 9.7% of cases, while in 9.3% IE was culture-negative. The aortic valve was the most commonly infected valve followed by mitral, tricuspid and the pulmonary valve. Aminoglycosides, vancomycin and aminopenicillins were the most commonly used antimicrobials, and surgical management was performed in half of the cases. Clinical cure was noted in 57.4%, while overall mortality was 43.5%. To conclude, this systematic review thoroughly describes IE in liver transplant recipients and provides information on epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment and outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Endocarditis in Liver Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review

Ιωάννου

Alexakis

Kofteridis

2021

JCM

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“…Pergola et al found a higher occurrence of EE in Streptococcus bovis infections compared to other pathogens 32 . A recent systematic review of fungal endocarditis also reported a high embolic rate in patients infected by fungi 33 . Another study showed that infection with Staphylococcus spp .…”

Section: Predictors For Eementioning

confidence: 98%

“… d Incidence of EE in fungal endocarditis: 62.5% in patients with kidney transplantation; 63.6% in patients with liver transplantation; 84.2% in patients with heart or lung transplantation 33 …”

Section: Predictors For Eementioning

confidence: 99%

Infective endocarditis complicated by embolic events: Pathogenesis and predictors

Wang

2021

Clinical Cardiology

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Background Infective endocarditis (IE) continues to be associated with great challenges. Embolic events (EE) are frequent and life‐threatening complications in IE patients. It remains challenging to predict and assess the embolic risk in individual patients with IE accurately. Hypothesis Accurate prediction of embolization is critical in the early identification and treatment of risky and potentially embolic lesions in patients with IE. Methods We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases using a range of related search terms, and reviewed the literatures about the pathogenesis and embolic predictors of IE. Results The development of IE and its complications is widely accepted as the result of complex interactions between microorganisms, valve endothelium, and host immune responses. The predictive value of echocardiographic characteristics is the most powerful for EE. In addition, both easily obtained blood biomarkers such as C‐reactive protein, mean platelet volume, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, anti‐β2‐glycoprotein I antibodies, D‐Dimer, troponin I, matrix metalloproteinases, and several microbiological or clinical characteristics might be promising as potential predictors of EE. Conclusion Our review provides a synthesis of current knowledge regarding the pathogenesis and predictors of embolism in IE along with a review of potentially emerging biomarkers.

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“…Their participation in coinfection is very rare, but Nunez and colleagues reported simultaneous infections in an HIV-negative 69-year-old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and type II diabetes mellitus [42]. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a fungal disease strongly associated with immunocompromised patients [43]. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis was reported in immunocompetent patients severely infected either with influenza B or influenza A H1N1 virus [44].…”

Section: Opportunistic Infections and Coinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunist Coinfections by Nontuberculous Mycobacteria and Fungi in Immunocompromised Patients

2020

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Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and many fungal species (spp.) are commonly associated with opportunistic infections (OPIs) in immunocompromised individuals. Moreover, occurrence of concomitant infection by NTM (mainly spp. of Mycobacterium avium complex and Mycobacterium abscessus complex) and fungal spp. (mainly, Aspergillus fumigatus, Histoplasma capsulatum and Cryptococcus neoformans) is very challenging and is associated with poor patient prognosis. The most frequent clinical symptoms for coinfection and infection by single agents (fungi or NTM) are similar. For this reason, the accurate identification of the aetiological agent(s) is crucial to select the best treatment approach. Despite the significance of this topic it has not been sufficiently addressed in the literature. This review aims at summarizing case reports and studies on NTM and fungi coinfection during the last 20 years. In addition, it briefly characterizes OPIs and coinfection, describes key features of opportunistic pathogens (e.g., NTM and fungi) and human host predisposing conditions to OPIs onset and outcome. The review could interest a wide spectrum of audiences, including medical doctors and scientists, to improve awareness of these infections, leading to early identification in clinical settings and increasing research in the field. Improved diagnosis and availability of therapeutic options might contribute to improve the prognosis of patients’ survival.

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Fungal endocarditis in transplant recipients: A systematic review

Cited by 15 publications

References 86 publications

Endocarditis in Liver Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review

Endocarditis in Liver Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review

Infective endocarditis complicated by embolic events: Pathogenesis and predictors

Opportunist Coinfections by Nontuberculous Mycobacteria and Fungi in Immunocompromised Patients

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