Fungal endophyte diversity in tundra grasses increases by grazing

Bråthen, Kari Anne; Jahiri, Xhevahire; Herranz-Jusdado, J.G.; Soininen, Eeva M.; Jensen, John B.

doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2015.05.002

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, this study has provided a baseline for potentially separating the effects of climate from those of herbivory, a widespread yet variable process throughout the Arctic, on the tundra ‘greening’ signal at regional to circumpolar scales. Future investigation should also consider ecosystem diversity change (Bråthen et al ., ) and consequent ecological linkages and feedbacks (Post, ; Bråthen & Lortie, ), and this can benefit from ongoing research collaborations and initiatives (Barrio et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circumpolar arctic tundra biomass and productivity dynamics in response to projected climate change and herbivory

Qin

Epstein

Engstrom

et al. 2017

Global Change Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Satellite remote sensing data have indicated a general 'greening' trend in the arctic tundra biome. However, the observed changes based on remote sensing are the result of multiple environmental drivers, and the effects of individual controls such as warming, herbivory, and other disturbances on changes in vegetation biomass, community structure, and ecosystem function remain unclear. We apply ArcVeg, an arctic tundra vegetation dynamics model, to estimate potential changes in vegetation biomass and net primary production (NPP) at the plant community and functional type levels. ArcVeg is driven by soil nitrogen output from the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model, existing densities of Rangifer populations, and projected summer temperature changes by the NCAR CCSM4.0 general circulation model across the Arctic. We quantified the changes in aboveground biomass and NPP resulting from (i) observed herbivory only; (ii) projected climate change only; and (iii) coupled effects of projected climate change and herbivory. We evaluated model outputs of the absolute and relative differences in biomass and NPP by country, bioclimate subzone, and floristic province. Estimated potential biomass increases resulting from temperature increase only are approximately 5% greater than the biomass modeled due to coupled warming and herbivory. Such potential increases are greater in areas currently occupied by large or dense Rangifer herds such as the Nenets-occupied regions in Russia (27% greater vegetation increase without herbivores). In addition, herbivory modulates shifts in plant community structure caused by warming. Plant functional types such as shrubs and mosses were affected to a greater degree than other functional types by either warming or herbivory or coupled effects of the two.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circumpolar arctic tundra biomass and productivity dynamics in response to projected climate change and herbivory

Qin

Epstein

Engstrom

et al. 2017

Global Change Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…PIE index was calculated by Eq [7]. Species evenness was evaluated by Pielou 0 s evenness index (J) [29], which was calculated by Eq (8). By Eq (9) calculated the relative abundance (RA) of each of the genus:…”

Section: Data Analysis Of the Endophytic Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Securinega suffruticosa in the Yellow River Delta

Yao

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Securinega suffruticosa (Pall.) Rehd is an excellent natural secondary shrub in the Shell Islands of Yellow River Delta. The roots of S. suffruticosa have high medicinal value and are used to treat diseases, such as neurasthenia and infant malnutrition. Any organism that is isolated from this species is of immense interest due to its potential novel bioactive compounds. In this research, the distribution and diversity of culturable endophytic fungi in S. suffruticosa were studied, and the endophytic fungi with antimicrobial activity were screened. A total of 420 endophytic fungi isolates were obtained from the S. suffruticosa grown in Shell Islands, from which 20 genera and 35 species were identified through morphological and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analyses. Chaetomium, Fusarium, Cladosporium, and Ceratobasidium were the dominant genera. The high species richness S (42), Margalef index D 0 (5.6289), Shannon-Wiener index H 0 (3.1000), Simpson diversity index D s (0.9459), PIE index (0.8670), and evenness Pielou index J (0.8719) and a low dominant index λ (0.0541) indicated the high diversity of endophytic fungi in S. suffruticosa, the various species of endophytic fungi with obvious tissue specificity. The inhibition percentages of the 12 species of such endophytic fungi against Colletotrichum siamense were 3.6%-26.3%. C. globosum, Fusarium sp.3, and C. ramotenellum had a high antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were between 0.5 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL. Alkaloid content detection indicated that endophytic fungi had a high alkaloid content, whereas the alkaloid contents of C. globosum and Fusarium sp.3 reached 0.231% and 0.170%, respectively. Members belonging to the endophytic fungal community in the S. suffruticosa of Shell Islands that may be used as antagonists and antibacterial agents for future biotechnology applications were identified for the first time.

show abstract

“…Simpson's diversity index (D s ) were calculated by the equations (5) & (6), respectively, species evenness evaluated by Pielou's evenness index (J) was calculated by equation (7) as described by Bråthen et al (2015).…”

Section: Shannon-wiener Index (H') Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercropping Faba bean with Some Crops and Its Impact on the Production, Phyllosphere and Rhizosphere Microorganisms Under Modern Irrigation Systems

Mahmoud

Hamd-Alla

Hefzy

2018

AJAS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two field experiments were carried out at Arab El-Awammer Research Station, Assiut Governorate, Agricultural Research Centre, during 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 seasons. The present study assessed the effect of intercropping faba bean with some crops on the production, phyllosphere and rhizosphere microorganisms under modern irrigation systems. Two separates experiments were done and each experiment was subjected to one of studied irrigation systems (sprinkler and drip irrigations). Each experiment contained seven treatments of cropping systems (sole faba bean, sole onion, sole garlic, sole fennel, faba bean + onion, faba bean + garlic and faba bean + fennel). Results showed that plant height, number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant, seed yield/plant, weight of 100 seed and seed yield/fed of faba bean was decreased when intercropped with onion, garlic and fennel compared with sole faba bean in the both seasons. Drip irrigation produced the maximum yield and its attributes of faba bean as compared with sprinkler irrigation in the both seasons. Sole onion and garlic gave the highest values of yield/fed under drip irrigation as compared with intercrop with faba bean and sprinkler irrigation in the both seasons. However, fennel intercrop with faba bean produced the highest value of yield/fed under sprinkler irrigation as compared with sole fennel and drip irrigation in the both seasons. The highest value of land equivalent ratio (LER) 1.92 was observed when fennel intercrop with faba bean under sprinkler irrigation in the second season. Competitive ratio (CR) values of onion, garlic and fennel intercrop with faba bean were greater than of sole faba bean in the both seasons. The highest value of monetary advantage index (MAI) 6519.96 was observed when intercropping faba bean with garlic under drip irrigation in the second season. Rhizosphere and phyllosphere microorganisms were highly affected by the intercropping and various irrigation systems. Total counts of both bacteria and fungi in plants phyllosphere were high under sprinkle irrigation than under drip irrigation system while, in drip irrigation was highest in rhizosphere. Sole cropping contained higher microbial number than cropping system. Higher values of the biodiversity index indicate large variation in fungal communities of different plants especially in intercropping.

show abstract

Fungal endophyte diversity in tundra grasses increases by grazing

Cited by 18 publications

References 43 publications

Circumpolar arctic tundra biomass and productivity dynamics in response to projected climate change and herbivory

Circumpolar arctic tundra biomass and productivity dynamics in response to projected climate change and herbivory

Diversity and antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Securinega suffruticosa in the Yellow River Delta

Intercropping Faba bean with Some Crops and Its Impact on the Production, Phyllosphere and Rhizosphere Microorganisms Under Modern Irrigation Systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About