Fungal Leukonychia and Melanonychia: a Review

Saldaña, Mariana; Férez-Blando, Karen; Domínguez‐Cherit, Judith; Fierro‐Arias, Leonel; Bonifáz, Alexandro

doi:10.1007/s12281-017-0289-2

Cited by 3 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The origins of melanonychia include many causes, such as subungual haematoma, fungal infection, ethnic‐type pigmentation, drug‐ or trauma‐induced pigmentation, lentigo, nevus and melanoma 3–7 . FM is a variant of onychomycosis 5–11 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increased rate of FM might be related to the increased awareness of differential diagnosis with more melanocytic lesions of the nails or to the increase in migratory flow 3,5,7,9,10 . However, the diagnosis of FM is often delayed because it can mimic the melanocyte‐associated melanonychias more frequently 3,4,7 . The aim of our paper is to increase clinical and dermoscopic knowledge of this increasingly frequent fungal disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The term melanonychia refers to a black‐brown pigmentation of the nail due to the presence of melanin within the nail plate or to melanocytes within the nail matrix (melanocytic hyperplasia) 1–4 . Usually, melanonychia appears as a band that extends from the proximal nail fold to the distal end of the nail plate following the growth of the nail (longitudinal melanonychia) or it can involve all the nail plate (total melanonychia) or, rarely, it can be transverse 3,5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Usually, melanonychia appears as a band that extends from the proximal nail fold to the distal end of the nail plate following the growth of the nail (longitudinal melanonychia) or it can involve all the nail plate (total melanonychia) or, rarely, it can be transverse 3,5 . The appearance of melanonychia may be related to exogenous materials, nail matrix nevus (NMN), melanocytic activation of the nail matrix and malignant melanoma (MM) 3–7 . Interestingly, the dermoscopy of nails, also known as onychoscopy, enables the differentiation of melanocytic from non‐melanocytic pigmentation 3–9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The appearance of melanonychia may be related to exogenous materials, nail matrix nevus (NMN), melanocytic activation of the nail matrix and malignant melanoma (MM) 3–7 . Interestingly, the dermoscopy of nails, also known as onychoscopy, enables the differentiation of melanocytic from non‐melanocytic pigmentation 3–9 . In particular, the common pattern of brown‐black nail discolouration's due to non‐melanocytic pigmentation has been related to subungual haematoma or fungal infection 1–5,7,9 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dermatophytic melanonychia: A case series of an increasing disease

Starace

Ambrogio

Bruni

et al. 2021

Mycoses

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Background Melanonychia refers to brown‐black colour pigmentation due to melanin or not‐melanin deposition in the nail plate. Onychoscopy allows to distinguish if the pigmentation is due by melanin or not. The main causes of non‐melanic pigmentation are subungual haematoma and pigmented onychomycosis. Fungal melanonychia (FM) is rare and may present as diffuse or longitudinal pigmentation. Differential diagnosis includes melanic activation, such as ethnic‐type nail pigmentation or frictional melanonychia, but also versus melanic proliferation, such as nevus or nail melanoma. Fungal melanonychia can be due to a colonisation by fungi with black variant or by melanin activation due to inflammation of fungal invasion. Objectives The aim of paper is to increase clinical and dermoscopic knowledge of this increasingly frequent disease. Methods In this retrospective observational study, twenty patients with dermatophytic melanonychia were collected, with available clinical and dermoscopic pictures. The diagnosis of dermatophytic melanonychia was made based on clinical manifestation and mycological examination. KOH smear was performed in all cases. For each patient, clinical data included: age, gender, type of melanonychia and involved fingers. Results This study aimed to show increased incidence of dermatophytic melanonychia and its correct management. In addition, we reviewed our collected cases and described the clinical and dermoscopic features of dermatophytic melanonychia. Conclusions The results of this study showed that physicians should keep in mind the diagnosis of this increasing disease, and that it cannot be performed relying only on clinical grounds. We would like to highlight the importance of tools as KOH examination, culture and dermoscopy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dermatophytic melanonychia: A case series of an increasing disease

Starace

Ambrogio

Bruni

et al. 2021

Mycoses

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Onicomicosis por hongos negros: onicopatía con características especiales

Oliva

Brenes

Páramo³

2020

Rev.méd.sinerg.

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La onicomicosis por hongos negros, tambien conocida como feohifomicosis del aparato ungueal, forma parte de la afección llamada melanoniquia fúngica, la cual se conoce desde hace varios años. Los agentes etiológicos de esta infección son los hongos negros o demateáceos, los cuales actúan usualmente como patógenos oportunistas causando invasión e infección, cuando existe un factor predisponente en el huésped. Presentan una distribución universal y son endémicos en varios países, pudiendo encontrase en distintos climas y ecosistemas. Este tipo de hongos presenta factores de patogenicidad específicos que les facilita desarrollarse en el huésped que infectan. Los pacientes afectados pueden tener un espectro variable en la presentación clinica de la patología ungueal, el cual es importante conocer para que se realice un adecuado diagnóstico diferencial con otras patologías tanto benignas como malignas. Actualmente, para el diagnóstico de este tipo de onicomicosis se requiere de observación microscópica directa, cultivos en medios no convencionales y sobre todo una alta sospecha clínica. Con respecto a la terapia antifúngica, se sabe que es excepcionalmente difícil y que tienen poca respuesta a los medicamentos que se usan hoy en día.

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Fungal Melanonychia: A Systematic Review

Rodríguez-Cerdeira,

Martínez-Herrera,

Cortés-López

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Fungal melanonychia is an uncommon condition, most typically caused by opportunistic melanin-producing pigmented filamentous fungi in the nail plate. In the present study, the clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with fungal melanonychia were analyzed through a systematic review of cases reported in the literature. The MESH terms used for the search were “melanonychia” AND “fungal” OR “fungi” through four databases: PubMed, SciELO, Google scholar and SCOPUS. After discarding inadequate articles using the exclusion criteria, 33 articles with 133 cases were analyzed, of which 44% were women, 56% were men and the age range was between 9 and 87 years. The majority of cases were reported in Turkey followed by Korea and Italy. Frequent causal agents detected were Trichophyton rubrum as non-dematiaceous in 55% and Neoscytalidium dimidiatum as dematiaceous in 8%. Predisposing factors included nail trauma, migration history, employment and/or outdoor activities. Involvement in a single nail was presented in 45% of the cases, while more than one affected nail was identified in 21%, with a range of 2 to 10 nails. Regarding the clinical classification, 41% evidenced more than one type of melanonychia, 21% corresponded to the longitudinal pattern and 13% was of total diffuse type. Likewise, the usual dermoscopic pattern was multicolor pigmentation. It is concluded that fungal melanonychia is an uncommon variant of onychomycosis and the differential diagnosis is broad, which highlights the complexity of this disease.

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Fungal Leukonychia and Melanonychia: a Review

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Dermatophytic melanonychia: A case series of an increasing disease

Dermatophytic melanonychia: A case series of an increasing disease

Onicomicosis por hongos negros: onicopatía con características especiales

Fungal Melanonychia: A Systematic Review

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