Fungal Phytotoxins: Biosynthesis and Activity

Höhn, Thomas

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-10370-8_8

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…This may be related to the ability of the strain to produce nonhost‐specific toxins (NHSTs) or specific metabolites 39 . Toxins produced by plant pathogenic fungi are one of the first determinants for pathogenicity confirmed by molecular genetics, which promote the invasion of pathogenic fungi by weakening cellular resistance or by directly killing plant cells 40–43 . Ophiobolins are a group of NHSTs produced by filamentous fungi, of which Bipolaris species is one of the main sources 44 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…39 Toxins produced by plant pathogenic fungi are one of the first determinants for pathogenicity confirmed by molecular genetics, which promote the invasion of pathogenic fungi by weakening cellular resistance or by directly killing plant cells. [40][41][42][43] Ophiobolins are a group of NHSTs produced by filamentous fungi, of which Bipolaris species is one of the main sources. 44 More testing is needed to confirm this hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Bipolaris yamadae as a bioherbicidal agent against grass weeds in arable crops

Tan

Ding

Bourdôt

et al. 2023

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUNDWeeds are among the most damaging pests of agriculture, causing ≈10% worldwide reduction in crop productivity each year. Over‐reliance on synthetic chemical herbicides has caused weeds around the world to evolve resistance. Bioherbicides may be an alternative. However, among their many constraints including strict environmental requirements, complicated mass‐production and high product costs, limited pathogenicity and a narrow spectrum of activity are frequently encountered and are major barriers to commercialization.RESULTSWe isolated a pathogenic fungus, HXDC‐1‐2, from diseased leaves of a gramineous weed, stiltgrass [Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus], from the edge of farmland in Guizhou province, China. HXDC‐1‐2 was identified as the fungal species Bipolaris yamadae based on the morphological characteristics and ITS‐GPDH‐EF1α multiple primer analysis. Its potential as a bioherbicide was evaluated by determining its weed control efficacy and crop safety. The ED50 and ED90 values of HXDC‐1‐2 on Echinochloa crus‐galli were 3.22 × 103 and 1.32 × 105 conidia mL−1, respectively. Host range tests revealed that 20 gramineous weeds including Setaria viridis, Leptochloa chinensis, Eleusine indica, Pseudosorghum zollingeri, Leptochloa panicea, Bromus catharticus, E. crus‐galli plants, were extremely susceptible whereas 77 crop species from 27 plant families including rice, wheat, barley, corn, soybean and cotton (excluding cowpea and sorghum) were unaffected.CONCLUSIONBipolaris yamadae strain HXDC‐1‐2 has great potential to be developed as a commercial broad‐spectrum bioherbicidal agent for controlling grass weeds in arable crops. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%