Fungal pneumonia in intensive care unit: When to suspect and decision to treatment: A critical review

Shamim, Shelley; Agarwal, Abinash; Ghosh, B. K.; Mitra, Mrinmoy

doi:10.4103/2320-8775.158837

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The initial level of white blood cells (WBC) types, cytokines profiles along with the GGO lesions detected in CT-scan report, beside the rectal swab test done to detect viral shredding are useful for prolong monitoring in patients ( 25 , 120 ). The isolation and identification of specific fungal or bacterial species would help in precise treatment with antibiotics ( 54 ). During viral pneumonia pandemic it was recommended to collect the BAL fluid for immunological studies rather than collection of blood samples ( 60 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gradual rise or decrease in its level would suggest if patient would require prolong hospitalization or early discharge ( 23 ). The use of computerized tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to confirm the bilateral opacities of patchy shadows present in patient's lungs caused due to viral infection followed by pneumonia could be confirmed, ARDS associated changes could be observed during the severe cases of COVID-19 ( 17 , 54 ). Early identification of fungal or bacterial co-infection in COVID-19 cases would potentially increase the survival chances of the subjects.…”

Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunopathological Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Critical and Non-critical Pneumonia Patients: A Systematic Review to Determine the Cause of Co-infection

Samadder

2021

Front. Public Health

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The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic originating from Wuhan, China is causing major fatalities across the world. Viral pneumonia is commonly observed in COVID-19 pandemic. The number of deaths caused by viral pneumonia is mainly due to secondary bacterial or fungal infection. The immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 viral pneumonia is poorly understood with reference to human clinical data collected from patients infected by virus and secondary bacterial or fungal infection occurring simultaneously. The co-infection inside the lungs caused by pneumonia has direct impact on the changing lymphocyte and neutrophil counts. Understanding the attribution of these two immunological cells triggered by cytokines level change is of great importance to identify the progression of pneumonia from non-severe to severe state in hospitalized patients. This review elaborates the cytokines imbalance observed in SARS-CoV-1 (2003 epidemic), SARS-CoV-2 (2019 pandemic) viral pneumonia and community acquired pneumonia (CAP), respectively, in patients to determine the potential reason of co-infection. In this review the epidemiology, virology, clinical symptoms, and immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia are narrated. The immune activation during SARS-CoV-1 pneumonia, bacterial, and fungal pneumonia is discussed. Here it is further analyzed with the available literatures to predict the potential internal medicines, prognosis and monitoring suggesting better treatment strategy for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunopathological Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Critical and Non-critical Pneumonia Patients: A Systematic Review to Determine the Cause of Co-infection

Samadder

2021

Front. Public Health

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“…If Candida is found in respiratory samples, treatment is mandated only if other risk factors and sepsis are present [23]. Leon et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case report of invasive, disseminated candidiasis with peripheral nodular cavitary lesions in the lung

Arshad

García

Khaja

2017

Respiratory Medicine Case Reports

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We report a case of invasive candidiasis presenting as multiple lung nodules and cavitary lesions with minimal pleural effusion. Candida infections of the lung are rare but can occur after hematologic dissemination of the yeast from other body sites, such as the skin and the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. Here, we describe the case of a 56-year-old female with a history of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who presented with fever, productive cough, and pulmonary nodules and cavitary lesions seen on a chest computed tomography (CT). The patient's blood cultures were positive for Candida zeylanoides.

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“…Peningkatan insiden dari CI disebabkan oleh penggunaan antibiotik spektrum luas dan agen imunosupresif, perawatan lama di rumah sakit serta ICU, diabetes, infeksi nosokomial bakteri, pembedahan, prosedur intra-abdomen, pankreatitis, ventilasi mekanis, nutrisi parenteral total, menggunaan alat medis seperti kateter vena sentral dan shunt, transplantasi serta kondisi immunocompromised seperti keganasan. 2,3 Manifestasi klinis dari CI di ICU serupa dengan infeksi bakteri. Meskipun demikian, terdapatnya…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Candida pada sampel saluran nafas dapat merupakan bagian dari kolonisasi multifokal. 2 Ada beberapa skor prediksi seperti Candida score, indeks kolonisasi dan Ostrosky-Zeichner yang dapat mendiagnosis possible CI. 4…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

The Comparison Between Risk Factors of Invasive Candidiasis and 1,3-β-D-Glucan in Septic Pneumonia

2020

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Latar belakang: Candidiasis invasif (CI) terjadi pada pasien immunocompromised dan imunokompeten. Infeksi tersebut termasuk dalam infeksi aliran darah ke-4 di ICU. Pemilihan karakteristik pasien berdasarkan faktor risiko dalam pemeriksaan 1,3-β-D-Glucan (BDG) memberikan nilai pembelajaran dalam penapisan CI. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai perbandingan faktor risiko CI dan kadar BDG dengan titik potong ≥80 pg/dl. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang ini dilakukan pada 40 pasien pneumonia sepsis di ICU yang memiliki faktor risiko CI (kolonisasi multifokal, antibiotik spektrum luas, penggunaan kortikosteroid jangka panjang, dan status limfosit) di RSUD Saiful Anwar Malang. Hasil: Terdapat 40 pasien dengan faktor risiko CI memiliki BDG positif, tetapi hanya 1 pasien (2,5%) memiliki candidemia dan 14 pasien (35%) memiliki Candida sp dari hasil biakan sputum. Perbandingan kadar BDG antara kelompok yang menggunakan antibiotik spektrum luas dan yang tidak adalah bermakna (P=0,020). Regresi linier Rank Spearman pada limfosit <1.200 sel/mm 3 terhadap kadar BDG memiliki korelasi positif (r=2,7%, P=0,880) sedangkan regresi linier pada limfosit ≥1.200 sel/mm 3 memiliki korelasi negatif (r=-32,1%, P=0,428).

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Fungal pneumonia in intensive care unit: When to suspect and decision to treatment: A critical review

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Immunopathological Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Critical and Non-critical Pneumonia Patients: A Systematic Review to Determine the Cause of Co-infection

Immunopathological Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Critical and Non-critical Pneumonia Patients: A Systematic Review to Determine the Cause of Co-infection

Case report of invasive, disseminated candidiasis with peripheral nodular cavitary lesions in the lung

The Comparison Between Risk Factors of Invasive Candidiasis and 1,3-β-D-Glucan in Septic Pneumonia

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