Fungal Rhinosinusitis and Disseminated Invasive Aspergillosis in Cats

Barrs, Vanessa R.; Talbot, Jessica J.

doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.10.006

Cited by 16 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…2 Nasal aspergillosis occurs in cats as two distinct anatomical forms, sinonasal aspergillosis and sino-orbital aspergillosis. 15,16 The CT findings of dogs and cats with nasal aspergillosis has previously been reported, and several similarities exist between nasal aspergillosis and nasal cryptococcosis in dogs and cats. 9,15,17,18 Both fungal diseases can cause significant turbinate loss and cribriform plate lysis, especially in dogs, frontal sinus disease, lysis of the bones of the nasal cavity, and fungal granuloma formation in the nasal cavity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Nasal aspergillosis is the most common cause of mycotic rhinitis in dogs and is the second most common cause of mycotic rhinitis in cats 2 . Nasal aspergillosis occurs in cats as two distinct anatomical forms, sino‐nasal aspergillosis and sino‐orbital aspergillosis 15,16 . The CT findings of dogs and cats with nasal aspergillosis has previously been reported, and several similarities exist between nasal aspergillosis and nasal cryptococcosis in dogs and cats 9,15,17,18 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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CT findings of nasal cryptococcosis in cats and dogs: A case series

Cooley

Galustanian

Moon

et al. 2022

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Cryptococcus spp. can cause chronic rhinitis in cats and dogs. Computed tomography (CT) descriptions of imaging features of nasal cryptococcosis are limited. This retrospective single-center consecutive case series aimed to describe the CT features of lesions in cats and dogs with nasal cryptococcosis. Ten cats and 12 dogs with a diagnosis of nasal cryptococcosis confirmed with cytology, histopathology, and/or serology that had undergone a head CT from 2010 and 2020 were included. Images were evaluated by a veterinary radiologist for the presence of a nasal or nasopharyngeal mass, regional destruction, intracranial extension, and lymphadenopathy. The majority of cats (8/10 [80%]) had nasal lesions with most cases described as non-destructive rhinitis (7/8 [88%]). Three cats (3/10 [30%]) had a nasal mass. All cats had a nasopharyngeal mass, and in most cases (8/10 [80%]) the nasopharyngeal mass was centered caudally near the temporomandibular joints. None of the cats had cribriform plate lysis or meningeal enhancement. All dogs had nasal lesions. Eleven dogs (11/12 [92%]) had destructive rhinitis with lysis of nasal conchae. Most dogs (8/12; 67%) had a nasal mass, of which in seven dogs the caudal nasal mass extended into the rostral nasopharynx. Most dogs had cribriform plate lysis (9/12 [75%]), of which four dogs (44%) had mass extension into the cranium. Our findings support potential differences in CT features between dogs and cats with nasal cryptococcosis. Nasal cryptococcosis should be considered a differential diagnosis in dogs and cats with nasal and nasopharyngeal masses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

CT findings of nasal cryptococcosis in cats and dogs: A case series

Cooley

Galustanian

Moon

et al. 2022

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…Fungal susceptibility profiles can vary with individual isolates, but for A felis minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of posaconazole are typically low (mean 0.39 μg/mL), as are minimum effective concentrations of all echinocandin drugs including caspofungin, whereas MICs of itraconazole and voriconazole are often high, while the MIC of AMB is variable 21 . Oral posaconazole is well tolerated in cats with few reports of hepatotoxicity 2,22,23 . In this case, the initial dose of posaconazole (2.5 mg/kg q 12 hours) was empirical because the pharmacokinetics of posaconazole in cats were unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sino‐orbital aspergillosis (SOA), is an invasive form of fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) with orbital involvement that affects cats. It is caused by cryptic species of Aspergillus closely related to Aspergillus fumigatus , especially Aspergillus felis and Aspergillus udagawae 1,2 . SOA is locally invasive, spreading by direct extension, and is usually fatal once central nervous system (CNS) involvement occurs 3‐5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disseminated invasive aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus felis in a cat

Cormack

Donahoe

Talbot

et al. 2021

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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A 2‐year‐old male desexed Ragdoll cat with a 1‐year history of sneezing and nasal discharge presented with a large subcutaneous cervical mass, identified as the right medial retropharyngeal lymph node on computed tomography (CT). A right orbital mass, destructive sino‐nasal cavity disease and multiple pulmonary nodules were also identified. Aspergillus felis was cultured from the lymph node. After treatment with posaconazole and liposomal amphotericin B the lymph node enlargement and orbital mass resolved but left frontal sinus involvement and pulmonary lesions persisted despite additional caspofungin therapy. The cat was euthanized 14 months after diagnosis with dysphagia and chronic progressive exophthalmos. A meningeal granuloma with intravascular fungal hyphae was identified at post‐mortem and A felis was cultured from the left frontal sinus and a right retrobulbar fungal granuloma. This case demonstrates that disseminated disease is a possible sequel to invasive fungal rhinosinusitis caused by A felis in cats.

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“…Lysis of the thin orbital bone allows direct communication of the nasal cavity or frontal sinuses with the orbit. 2 Aspergillus species are the major etiological agents of FRS but other fungi like Schizophyllum commune, Alternaria, Curvularia and Bipolaris are also not uncommon. Histopathology is important to distinguish the invasive from the non invasive type as this differentiation helps to decide the treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare case of extensive aspergillosis of nose and paranasal sinuses with sinking orbit

Sathe¹,

Magdum²,

Sawarkar³

et al. 2022

JSAS

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: Aspergillus species is a chronic colonizer of paranasal sinuses and ears as well as associated with a variety of different clinical conditions. Fungi are increasingly recognized as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among the patients because of the wider use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, immuno suppressive therapy, cancer chemotherapy, increased incidence of immunodeficiency diseases and increased use of intensive care interventions. Among the species of Aspergillus, A. flavus is more common in India and Arabian countries while in USA A. fumigatus is the most common32 years old male presented with complaints of headache since 4 months, insidious in onset, progressive, no history of diurnal variation. He developed swelling around right eye since 3 months associated with history of diplopia. He was non diabetic but was hypertensive& was on medication. Ge was suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis and on immunosuppressive medications for it. CT scan of nose & paranasal sinuses revealed a soft tissue opacification in the right maxillary sinus with right anterior ethmoids and extensive bony erosion of the sinuses and the floor of orbit with intraorbital extension. The eyeball was sinking in the maxillary sinus. Patient was taken up for surgery , Right Total Maxillectomy Surgery with repair of floor of orbit using Titanium plate was done under under general anaethesia using External Weber Ferguson approach. Intraoperative findings suggestive of fungal debris in Right maxilla which was confirmed on final histopathological report.: Invasive aspergillosis is mainly seen in immunocompromised individuals likeneutropenia, uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus, inappropriate use of antibiotics, immunosuppressive drugs and corticosteroids, post viral infections. The mortality and morbidity like vision loss, facial deformity, meningitis,and other intracranial complications can be reduced with early recognition and early intervention. The advanced tools like Titanium plates can prevent the sinking of eyeball into maxillary Sinus & prevent morbidities like diplopia, squint & vision loss. Aspergillosis of Nose & Paranasal sinus; Sinking Orbit

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Fungal Rhinosinusitis and Disseminated Invasive Aspergillosis in Cats

Cited by 16 publications

References 132 publications

CT findings of nasal cryptococcosis in cats and dogs: A case series

CT findings of nasal cryptococcosis in cats and dogs: A case series

Disseminated invasive aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus felis in a cat

Rare case of extensive aspergillosis of nose and paranasal sinuses with sinking orbit

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