Fungal sporocarp mediated losses of Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, P, and Zn from conifer logs in the early stages of decomposition

Harmon, Mark E.; Sexton, Jay; Caldwell, Bruce A.; Carpenter, Steve

doi:10.1139/x94-243

Cited by 83 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Even though fungi are efficient in recycling wood N (Stenlid, Penttilä & Dahlberg ), some N may be lost when sporocarps are consumed or drop on the forest floor after death (Harmon et al . ). Similarly, fragmentation, which tends to remove the most decayed and thus most nutrient‐rich parts of logs, may transfer significant amounts of N to the forest floor (Harmon et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Accumulation rates and sources of external nitrogen in decaying wood in a Norway spruce dominated forest

Rinne

Rajala²,

Peltoniemi

et al. 2016

Functional Ecology

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Summary Microbial respiration in dead wood contributes substantially to the long‐lived forest carbon (C) pool and has a significant role in the forest nitrogen (N) cycle. Wood N content has been found to increase during the decay process; however, temporal dynamics and the sources of this external N remain unclear. To examine N dynamics at various stages of decomposition, we combined high variety of analytical methods on Norway spruce logs, including wood δ15N, N%, 14C‐dating, fungal composition and N2 fixation rate. For N2 fixation rate, we also determined its dependency on ambient temperature and decay class, when estimating annual N2 fixation rates for our study site. N2 fixation was observed to have a major role in increasing wood N content during decay. For the most decayed wood, it accounted for 60% of the total N accumulation. Compared to other reports, where the annual temperature was similar to our site, the calculated annual fixation rate of 85 g N ha−1 year−1 is a low estimate. However, previous studies have not taken appropriately into account the dependency of N2 fixation rate on ambient temperature and decay class. Our δ15N model describing the sources of external N, statistical analysis and the fungal DNA composition of decayed wood suggest that other sources of external N accumulating in wood were soil‐foraging wood‐decay fungi and mycorrhizal fungi. Our study improves knowledge of the temporal dynamics of N accumulation in wood with advancing wood decay, the potential sources of external N and their relative significance. All of these factors are important for nitrogen as well as carbon models dealing with ecosystem responses to climate change.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Similarly, fragmentation, which tends to remove the most decayed and thus most nutrient‐rich parts of logs, may transfer significant amounts of N to the forest floor (Harmon et al . ). In addition, atmospheric N deposition could have been a minor source of N for decayed wood in this study site (Bebber et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Accumulation rates and sources of external nitrogen in decaying wood in a Norway spruce dominated forest

Rinne

Rajala²,

Peltoniemi

et al. 2016

Functional Ecology

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“…Concentrations of PO 4 + DOP in these collectors averaged 437 (Jig L~' for 120 d after appearance and decay of the sporocarps vs. 89 (xg L~' in these same collectors at other periods. Harmon et al (1994) found that concentrations of P in sporocarps were about 9 to 100 times those in undecayed logs and they concluded that sporocarp formation was the main pathway of loss of N and P from logs during the first few years of decomposition.…”

Section: Sources Of Dissolved Organic Matter Above the Mineral Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble Organic and Inorganic Nutrient Fluxes in Clearcut and Mature Deciduous Forests

Qualls

Haines

Swank

et al. 2000

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

124

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The mechanisms by which forest ecosystems retain or lose soluble inorganic nutrients after disturbance are well known, but substantial amounts of soluble organic nutrients may also be released from cut vegetation. Our objective was to compare the leaching of dissolved organic and inorganic nutrients in cut and mature forest stands and to develop hypotheses about factors controlling the retention of soluble organic nutrients after disturbance. Solution chemistry was measured for 2 yr after clearcutting a small area in the surrounding undisturbed deciduous forest on a reference watershed at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in the Appalachian Mountains. Concentrations of dissolved organic C (DOC) and N (DON) in slash leachate were 2.6 to 3.2 times the concentrations in throughfall from undisturbed forest. Concentrations in forest floor, A horizon, and B horizon solutions from cut plots were 1.2 to 3.8 times those from undisturbed forest. Dissolved organic P (DOP) concentrations in cut plots were 3.1 and 3.6 times those of uncut plots in solutions from slash and forest floor, respectively, but did not differ in mineral soil. Fluxes of DOC, DON, and DOP in all strata were greater in cut plots than uncut plots. Fluxes of DON were greater than those of ammonium plus nitrate N in all strata of both cut and uncut plots. We hypothesize that the wellrecognized retention mechanisms for inorganic nutrients combine with equilibrium adsorption of dissolved organic matter to efficiently buffer against leaching of both soluble inorganic and organic nutrients after clearcutting.

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“…Many factors influence EM fungal community structure, including host plant species composition and stand age, habitat conditions, and edaphic factors (Molina and Trappe 1982;Deacon et al 1983;Vogt et al 1992;Visser 1995;States and Gaud 1997;Gehring et al 1998;Claridge et al 2000;Smith et al 2000). Down wood in various stages of decay influences fungal species occurrence and abundance (Harmon et al 1994;Smith et al 2000). Changes in plant species composition from forest succession or large-scale disturbances significantly affect EM species composition and total sporocarp production (Cooke 1955;Dighton and Mason 1985;Arnolds 1988Arnolds , 1991Termorshuizen 1991;Vogt et al 1992;Amaranthus et al 1994;Visser 1995;North et al 1997;Waters et al 1997;Baar et al 1999;Colgan et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species richness, abundance, and composition of hypogeous and epigeous ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarps in young, rotation-age, and old-growth stands of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in the Cascade Range of Oregon, U.S.A.

Smith¹,

Molina²,

Huso³

et al. 2002

Can. J. Bot.

178

116

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Knowledge of the community structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi among successional forest age-classes is critical for conserving fungal species diversity. Hypogeous and epigeous sporocarps were collected from three replicate stands in each of three forest age-classes (young, rotation-age, and old-growth) of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) dominated stands with mesic plant association groups. Over four fall and three spring seasons, 48 hypogeous and 215 epigeous species or species groups were collected from sample areas of 6300 and 43 700 m2, respectively. Cumulative richness of hypogeous and epigeous species was similar among age-classes but differed between seasons. Thirty-six percent of the species were unique to an age-class: 50 species to old-growth, 19 to rotation-age, and 25 to young stands. Seventeen species (eight hypogeous and nine epigeous) accounted for 79% of the total sporocarp biomass; two hypogeous species, Gautieria monticola Harkn., and Hysterangium crassirhachis Zeller and Dodge, accounted for 41%. Average sporocarp biomass in young and rotation-age stands compared with old-growth stands was about three times greater for hypogeous sporocarps and six times greater for epigeous sporocarps. Average hypogeous sporocarp biomass was about 2.4 times greater in spring compared with fall and for epigeous sporocarps about 146 times greater in fall compared with spring. Results demonstrated differences in ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarp abundance and species composition among successional forest age-classes.Key words: ectomycorrhizal fungi, sporocarp production, forest succession, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Tsuga heterophylla zone, biodiversity.

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Fungal sporocarp mediated losses of Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, P, and Zn from conifer logs in the early stages of decomposition

Cited by 83 publications

References 25 publications

Accumulation rates and sources of external nitrogen in decaying wood in a Norway spruce dominated forest

Accumulation rates and sources of external nitrogen in decaying wood in a Norway spruce dominated forest

Soluble Organic and Inorganic Nutrient Fluxes in Clearcut and Mature Deciduous Forests

Species richness, abundance, and composition of hypogeous and epigeous ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarps in young, rotation-age, and old-growth stands of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in the Cascade Range of Oregon, U.S.A.

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