Fungal Strategies of Wood Decay in Trees

Schwarze, Francis W. M. R.; Engels, Julia; Mattheck, C.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-57302-6

Cited by 281 publications

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“…The latter observation is in good agreement with former studies showing that soft-rot type 1 occurs in secondary walls with high concentration of guaiacyl, whereas soft-rot type 2 is often associated with syringyl rich cell walls (Liese 1961;Nilsson et al 1989;Schwarze et al 2004;Singh et al 2006). Norway spruce wood has a high concentration of guaiacyl, and thus is moderately resistant to soft-rot fungi (Liese 1961;Blanchette et al 1988;Nilsson et al 1989;Baum 2001;Donaldson 2001), whereas beech wood that consists predominantly of syringyl-rich fibre tracheids is more susceptible to soft-rot fungi (Schwarze et al 2000(Schwarze et al , 2004Baum 2001). The latter difference in the lignin composition partly explains the higher weight losses recorded by soft-rot fungi in beech wood.…”

Section: Fungal Colonisation and Degradationsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Former studies show that many species that only cause soft-rot type 2 in hardwoods failed to exhibit any decay features or weight losses in softwoods (Anagnost 1998). One reason for this selection process appears to be related to the extremely resistant S 3 layer of tracheids that hampers degradation by hyphae from within the cell lumen outwards (Liese 1970;Schwarze at al. 2004).…”

Section: Fungal Colonisation and Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2004). This does not deter brown-rot fungi, which are able to degrade the cell wall by means of diffusible secretions from hyphae within the tracheid lumen, but a resistant S 3 layer is a considerable barrier to fungi that causes only soft-rot type 2 or a simultaneous rot (Schwarze et al 2004). In TH-treated wood, it seems that thermal treatment induces chemical alterations of the S 3 layer which strongly reduces its resistance to soft-rot type 2 attack, i.e., formation of erosion troughs by hyphae growing within the lumen (Figure 4a).…”

Section: Fungal Colonisation and Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Degradation of thermo-hygro-mechanically (THM)-densified wood by soft-rot fungi

Skyba

Niemz

Schwarze

2008

HFSG

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Thermo-hygro-mechanical (THM)-densified wood is more resistant to colonisation and degradation by brown-rot fungi than untreated wood. Colonisation and degradation by soft-rot fungi was investigated in treated Norway spruce (Picea abies) and treated beech (Fagus sylvatica) to assess their suitability for utility class 4. Three different treatments were applied: thermal-hygro (TH) treatment, mechanical densification and THM-treatment including densification and post-treatment under saturated steam conditions at different temperatures. For comparison, additional wood specimens were treated with two concentrations of a chromium-copper (CC) wood preservative. After 32 weeks incubation, weight losses induced by soft-rot fungi were lowest in wood treated with CC. Highest weight losses were recorded from TH-treated wood, in which soft-rot erosion attack (type 2) was exclusively observed in spruce. In comparison to controls, significantly lower weight losses by soft-rot fungi were recorded in THM-treated spruce wood, but no such differences were found in beech wood. Microscopical examination showed that in THM-treated wood of spruce, soft-rot type 1 commenced from the outer wood surfaces and cavity formation was not found in deeper regions of the wood samples. THM-treated beech wood was more susceptible to degradation than that of spruce which can be partly explained by the higher syringyl lignin content in beech wood, which is more susceptible to all kinds of degradation. Hyphal colonisation and soft-rot was facilitated within deeper regions of beech wood mainly in the non-occluded lumina of parenchyma cells in multiseriate xylem rays. It can be concluded that THtreated spruce wood and THM-treated beech wood is susceptible to soft-rot and therefore inappropriate for utility class 4.

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Section: Fungal Colonisation and Degradationsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Fungal Colonisation and Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fungal Colonisation and Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Degradation of thermo-hygro-mechanically (THM)-densified wood by soft-rot fungi

Skyba

Niemz

Schwarze

2008

HFSG

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“…Esses mecanismos se realizam mediante reações químicas que criam barreiras, impedindo a entrada de fungos e outros patógenos (Schwarze et al, 2000;Ferreira & Milani, 2002). A redução do crescimento, depois de uma desrama forte, pode afetar o tempo de oclusão dos ferimentos, que resulta em aumento do risco de invasão por patógenos e perda da dominância, ocasionando desvantagem na competição por luz em um povoamento florestal (Montagu et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Por sua vez, fatores de estresse, como o deficit hídrico, podem contribuir para a predisposição a doenças relacionadas ao processo de declínio (Manion, 2003). Outro aspecto a ser considerado é a velocidade da oclusão de ferimentos, influenciada pelo diâmetro dos ramos e vigor vegetativo (Schwarze et al, 2000;Montagu et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Desrama, crescimento e predisposição à podridão-do-lenho em Acacia mangium

Tonini¹,

Halfeld-Vieira²

2006

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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Resumo -A desrama é um procedimento que aumenta o valor e a qualidade da madeira. Entretanto, se realizada de forma inadequada pode reduzir o crescimento e constituir fator de predisposição à podridão-do-lenho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito da intensidade e época da desrama sobre o crescimento inicial e incidência de árvores com ferimentos não cicatrizados de Acacia mangium. Foi instalado um experimento em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições e cinco tratamentos: testemunha (sem desrama); desrama de troncos múltiplos e galhos a 50 e 70% da altura, em época de baixa e alta pluviosidade. As avaliações de crescimento e presença de ferimentos não cicatrizados foram feitas seis meses depois da aplicação dos tratamentos. A época e a intensidade de desrama, quando efetuadas aos 8 e 13 meses, não afetaram o crescimento em diâmetro e altura. Houve boa cicatrização de ferimentos em árvores desramadas oito meses depois do plantio, em época de baixa pluviosidade, independentemente da intensidade. Árvores desramadas aos 13 meses depois do plantio, em época de alta pluviosidade, demonstraram predisposição à podridão-do-lenho.Termos para indexação: Racosperma mangium, diâmetro, altura, doença, manejo florestal. Pruning on growth and heartrot predisposing in Acacia mangiumAbstract -Pruning increases quality and economic value of the wood. Inadequate pruning procedures, however, interfere negatively on growth and consist on a predisposing factor to heartrot. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of intensity and season of pruning on initial growth and on incidence of Acacia mangium trees with non-occluded wounds. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with three replicates and five treatments: control (without pruning); pruning and singling at 50 and 70% of total height, in low and high precipitation season. Growth evaluations and the presence of non-occluded wounds were performed six months after treatments application. The season and intensity of pruning operations did not influence height and diameter growth. Efficient wound occlusion occurred in trees pruned eight months after planting in low precipitation season, with no intensity effect. On trees pruned 13 months after planting, in high precipitation season, trees predisposed to heartrot were observed.

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The Woody Skeleton

2017

Applied Tree Biology

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Fungal Strategies of Wood Decay in Trees

Abstract: The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in tiris publication does not imply, even in ilie absence of a specific statement, tltat such names are exempt from ilie relevant protective laws and regulations and ilierefore free for general use.

Cited by 281 publications

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Degradation of thermo-hygro-mechanically (THM)-densified wood by soft-rot fungi

Degradation of thermo-hygro-mechanically (THM)-densified wood by soft-rot fungi

Desrama, crescimento e predisposição à podridão-do-lenho em Acacia mangium

The Woody Skeleton

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