Fungal succession in decomposing ash leaves colonized by the ash dieback pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus or its harmless relative Hymenoscyphus albidus

Kosawang, Chatchai; Børja, Isabella; Herrero, Maria-Luz; Nagy, Nina Elisabeth; Nielsen, Lene Rostgaard; Solheim, Halvor; Timmermann, Volkmar; Hietala, Ari M.

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1154344

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 54 publications

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“…It has been shown that H. fraxineus can survive for months in air-dried petioles covered with a pseudosclerotial layer (Gross and Holdenrieder 2013), and that its ascomata can be formed also on older petioles, for up to five growing seasons after the leaves have been shed (Kirisits and Schwanda 2015). Fungal community profiling of overwintered ash leaf petioles showed that pseudosclerotial areas are dominated by H. fraxineus and possess very low fungal diversity in comparison to petiole regions that have not been secured by the pathogen pseudosclerotial plate (Kosawang et al 2023).…”

Section: Saprotrophic Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

11th Hardwood Conference Proceedings

2024

Hardwood Conference Proceedings

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Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is the most widespread non-native tree species in Europe and has had a significant impact on the Central European landscape and forestry. The black locust has many exceptional characteristics that represent considerable potential for use by man. The climate shift in recent decades in Central Europe could further strengthen the importance of this tree species. However, there are also risks arising from the invasiveness of the black locust. Like Hungary, Czechia has had many years of experience with this tree species. Still, the current approach between these two countries, particularly in conventional forestry, differs. This paper attempts to summarise how the management of Robinia and its stands is viewed in Czechia, where the common forestry utilization of black locust is currently not considered due to its invasiveness. The reason for a more reserved forestry attitude in Czechia can be associated with the relatively frequent stem deformities of Robinia stands, which are often attributed to frost. However, the frost deformities and low stem-form quality of some Robinia stands do not affect their vigour and potential to invade adjacent habitats. It often takes considerable effort to remove black locust, especially where the spreading of Robinia threatens valuable adjacent ecosystems. On the other hand, there is great potential for the use of Robinia in Czechia. It can be found in controlled energy crops, fast-growing plantations (lignicultures), some land reclamation projects or urban greenery. Robinia can also be grown in small stands or in groups of trees surrounded by arable land that does not allow the tree to spontaneously spread. Regarding the production plantations of Robinia, the Hungarian experience and breeding program can be very inspiring for Czechia. Generally, there is a move towards 'site-specific management', but with a strong emphasis on the precautionary principle. Finding and then consistently applying a balanced approach to black locust management that not only allows for the potential but also respects the risks of Robiniait is currently a key challenge for Czech forestry, landscape and nature conservation.

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Section: Saprotrophic Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

11th Hardwood Conference Proceedings

2024

Hardwood Conference Proceedings

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Current understanding and future prospects for ash dieback disease with a focus on Britain

Combes,

Webber,

Boddy

2024

Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research

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Hymenoscyphus fraxineus is an introduced ascomycete fungus which causes ash dieback and has resulted in widespread mortality of ash throughout Europe. Although H. fraxineus has been present on the continent for at least four decades, it was not identified until 2006. The first record of the pathogen in Britain came in 2012 although it was probably present a decade earlier. The most common host European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) is economically and ecologically important to Britain where the cost of ash dieback is estimated at billions of pounds. The impact of ash dieback has stimulated a major research response which we review with the aim of providing up-to-date information relevant to Britain and identifying knowledge gaps where research would contribute to improved disease mitigation. Hymenoscyphus fraxineus is an outcrossing fungus with high genotypic diversity; ascospores produced via sexual reproduction are critical to aerial dispersal and infection. Temperature, moisture, and ground cover influence pathogen fruit body development, the timing of ascospore release, and extent of ascospore germination; they also interact together to affect the likelihood of infection. In addition, stand characteristics, including tree density, tree height, and landscape fragmentation, affect disease dynamics with increased disease severity on moist sites with high ash density. Efforts at finding natural resistance in ash have identified genetic markers associated with disease tolerance, and gene expression analysis is providing insights into the basis of that resistance. Mainland European findings indicate that ash dieback makes trees more vulnerable to other pathogens, whilst endophytes in the ash phyllosphere can suppress infection by H. fraxineus. Possible tools for long-term control of ash dieback include (1) deployment of resistant ash, (2) quantitatively informed management practices based on microclimate models and better understanding of the pathogen life cycle, and (3) manipulation of biocontrol agents from the ash microbiome or pathogen mycoviruses.

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Fungal succession in decomposing ash leaves colonized by the ash dieback pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus or its harmless relative Hymenoscyphus albidus

Cited by 2 publications

References 54 publications

11th Hardwood Conference Proceedings

11th Hardwood Conference Proceedings

Current understanding and future prospects for ash dieback disease with a focus on Britain

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