Fungal translocation - creating and responding to environmental heterogeneity

Lindahl, Björn D.; Olsson, Stefan

doi:10.1017/s0269915x04002046

Cited by 63 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The quality of a fungal substrate is determined by the concentration and physical availability of nutrients, as well their chemical form [29]. The results presented here suggest that among the tested materials, charcoal produced at 300-400°C is a lowquality growth substrate for both P. pulmonarius and C. versicolor fungal species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Fungal colonization occurred after 70 days on the surface of all samples, with a particular concentration of fungal hyphae on the outer surface of the blocks, and it is only in this zone that an exploititative growth form is observed, indicating either a concentration of available nutrients on these surfaces, or that the substrate surface Translocation of resources, including nutrients and water, within a continuous hyphal network enables fungi to colonize spatially heterogeneous substrates [28,29]. This strategy may therefore be useful in colonization of substrates that are poor in certain resources, such as charcoal with a high carbon to nitrogen ratio.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of growth responses in saprophytic fungi to charred biomass

Ascough

Sturrock

Bird

2010

Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies

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We present results of a study testing the response of two saprophytic white-rot fungi species, Pleurotus pulmonarius and Coriolus versicolor, to charred biomass (charcoal) as a growth substrate. We used a combination of optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), elemental abundance measurements, and Isotopic Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) to investigate fungal colonization of control and incubated samples of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) wood, and charcoal from the same species produced at 300°C and 400°C. Both species of fungi colonize the surface and interior of wood and charcoals over time periods of less than 70 days, however distinctly different growth forms are evident between the exterior and interior of the charcoal substrate, with hyphal penetration concentrated along lines of structural weakness. Although the fungi were able to degrade and metabolize the pine wood, charcoal does not form a readily available source of fungal nutrients at least for these species under the conditions used in this study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of growth responses in saprophytic fungi to charred biomass

Ascough

Sturrock

Bird

2010

Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies

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“…Many members of the Basidiomycota have extensive hyphal networks, allowing them to act independently of locally available nutrients and carbon and form mycorrhizal associations with plants (31). Such networks and associations are highly susceptible to physical disturbance (7,32), which may have contributed to the decline of Basidiomycetes and the ultimate dominance of opportunistic Ascomycota in our microcosms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Cellulose-Responsive Bacterial and Fungal Communities in Geographically and Edaphically Different Soils by Using Stable Isotope Probing

Eichorst

Kuske

2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

183

106

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Many bacteria and fungi are known to degrade cellulose in culture, but their combined response to cellulose in different soils is unknown. Replicate soil microcosms amended with [ 13 C]cellulose were used to identify bacterial and fungal communities responsive to cellulose in five geographically and edaphically different soils. The diversity and composition of the cellulose-responsive communities were assessed by DNA-stable isotope probing combined with Sanger sequencing of small-subunit and largesubunit rRNA genes for the bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. In each soil, the 13 C-enriched, cellulose-responsive communities were of distinct composition compared to the original soil community or 12 C-nonenriched communities. The composition of cellulose-responsive taxa, as identified by sequence operational taxonomic unit (OTU) similarity, differed in each soil. When OTUs were grouped at the bacterial order level, we found that members of the Burkholderiales, Caulobacteriales, Rhizobiales, Sphingobacteriales, Xanthomonadales, and the subdivision 1 Acidobacteria were prevalent in the 13 C-enriched DNA in at least three of the soils. The cellulose-responsive fungi were identified as members of the Trichocladium, Chaetomium, Dactylaria, and Arthrobotrys genera, along with two novel Ascomycota clusters, unique to one soil. Although similarities were identified in higher-level taxa among some soils, the composition of cellulose-responsive bacteria and fungi was generally unique to a certain soil type, suggesting a strong potential influence of multiple edaphic factors in shaping the community.

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“…However, many fungi, especially basidiomycetes, produce mycelia that extend over decimetre to metre distances, through which they may translocate carbohydrates and nutrients over considerable distances (Finlay and Read, 1986;Boddy, 1999). Resource reallocation enables these fungi to mobilise resources locally at one place but to use them to support growth in other, distant parts of their mycelia (Lindahl and Olsson, 2004). Ectomycorrhizal fungi support dense hyphal networks by translocating recently photosynthesised carbohydrates from the roots of their host plants, ensuring efficient nutrient assimilation in humus layers and mineral soils (Leake et al, 2001;Rosling et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of root carbon transport into forest humus stimulates fungal opportunists at the expense of mycorrhizal fungi

2010

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Ectomycorrhizal fungi dominate the humus layers of boreal forests. They depend on carbohydrates that are translocated through roots, via fungal mycelium to microsites in the soil, wherein they forage for nutrients. Mycorrhizal fungi are therefore sensitive to disruptive disturbances that may restrict their carbon supply. By disrupting root connections, we induced a sudden decline in mycorrhizal mycelial abundance and studied the consequent effects on growth and activity of free living, saprotrophic fungi and bacteria in pine forest humus, using molecular community analyses in combination with enzyme activity measurements. Ectomycorrhizal fungi had decreased in abundance 14 days after root severing, but the abundance of certain free-living ascomycetes was three times higher within 5 days of the disturbance compared with undisturbed controls. Root disruption also increased laccase production by an order of magnitude and cellulase production by a factor of 5. In contrast, bacterial populations seemed little affected. The results indicate that access to an external carbon source enables mycorrhizal fungi to monopolise the humus, but disturbances may induce rapid growth of opportunistic saprotrophic fungi that presumably use the dying mycorrhizal mycelium. Studies of such functional shifts in fungal communities, induced by disturbance, may shed light on mechanisms behind nutrient retention and release in boreal forests. The results also highlight the fundamental problems associated with methods that study microbial processes in soil samples that have been isolated from living roots.

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Fungal translocation - creating and responding to environmental heterogeneity

Cited by 63 publications

References 39 publications

Investigation of growth responses in saprophytic fungi to charred biomass

Investigation of growth responses in saprophytic fungi to charred biomass

Identification of Cellulose-Responsive Bacterial and Fungal Communities in Geographically and Edaphically Different Soils by Using Stable Isotope Probing

Disruption of root carbon transport into forest humus stimulates fungal opportunists at the expense of mycorrhizal fungi

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