Fungal Viruses Unveiled: A Comprehensive Review of Mycoviruses

Hough, B.; Steenkamp, Emma Theodora; Wingfield, Brenda D.; Read, David Alan

doi:10.3390/v15051202

Cited by 50 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 439 publications

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“…Endornaviridae are ssRNA(+) viruses that do not have a true capsid as the genome is encapsulated together with a viral replicase and are able to infect plants and fungi. The genus Botybirnavirus (Orthornavirae) has fungi as natural hosts (Hough et al, 2023), however, we’ve found this RdRp in a holm oak tree sample, which could be indicative of some cross-kingdom capability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Diversity of RNA viruses in declining Mediterranean forests

Diez-Hermano,

Pérez-Alonso,

Morell

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Global change alters forestry habitats and facilitates the entry of new pathogens that don’t share a co-evolution history with the forest, leading them into a spiral of decline. As a result, relationships between forests’ organisms get disbalanced. Under this scenario, RNA viruses are of particular interest, as they participate in many of such relationships thanks to their ability to infect a wide range of hosts, even from different kingdoms of life. For this reason, the study of RNA viruses is essential to understand how viral flow across different hosts might occur, and to prevent possible outbreaks of diseases in the future. In this work the RNA virus diversity found in trees, arthropods and fungi from declining Mediterranean forests is described. To this extent, three habitats (Quercus ilex, Castanea sativaandPinus radiata) were sampled and RNAseq was performed on tree tissues, arthropods and fungi. 146 viral sequences were detected by searching for matches to conserved motifs of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) using Palmscan. Up to 15 viral families were identified, with Botourmiaviridae (28.7%) and Partitiviridae (9.6%) being the most abundant. In terms of genome type, ssRNA(+) viruses were the most represented (83.5%), followed by dsRNA (15%) and two ssRNA(-) representatives. Viruses belonging to families with cross-kingdom capabilities such as Hypoviridae (1), Mitoviridae (6) and Narnaviridae (5) were also found. Distribution of viruses across ecosystems was:Q.ilex(57.5%),P.radiata(26.7%) andC.sativa(15.8%). Interestingly, two RdRP sequences had no matches in available viral databases. This work constitutes a starting point to gain insight into virus evolution and diversity occurring in forests affected by decline, as well as searching for novel viruses that might be participating in unknown infectious pathways.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Diversity of RNA viruses in declining Mediterranean forests

Diez-Hermano,

Pérez-Alonso,

Morell

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Even if infrequent and inefficient, these cross-species transmission events contradict the dogma that mycoviruses are only transmitted horizontally between vegetatively compatible fungi through hyphal anastomosis. A few studies have been conducted to explore the factors involved in such vegetative compatibility-independent transmission (for review, see [ 23 , 77 ]). Some viruses appear to be able to weaken the vegetative incompatibility system, such as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycoreovirus 4, which downregulates the genes involved in nonself-recognition pathways, thus facilitating horizontal transmission of heterologous mycoviruses [ 78 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HTS studies have shown mycoviruses to be widespread within the fungal kingdom. According to recent taxonomic advances, there are currently more than 250 recognized mycovirus species [ 22 , 23 ], and this number is rapidly growing. Most mycoviruses are positive-sense, single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) or double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses, although a few negative-sense single-stranded RNA (-ssRNA) and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses have also been described (for review, see [ 24 ]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the RNA Mycovirome Associated with Grapevine Fungal Pathogens: Analysis of Mycovirus Distribution and Their Genetic Variability within a Collection of Botryosphaeriaceae Isolates

Comont,

Faure,

Candresse

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Botryosphaeriaceae are fungi involved in the decay of various woody species, including the grapevine, leading to significant production losses. This fungal family is largely ubiquitous, and seven species of Botryosphaeriaceae have been identified in French vineyards, with variable levels of aggressiveness, both in vitro and in planta. Mycoviruses can impact the life traits of their fungal hosts, including aggressiveness, and are one of the factors influencing fungal pathogenicity. In this study, the RNA mycovirome of fifteen Botryosphaeriaceae isolates was characterized through the high-throughput sequencing of double-stranded RNA preparations from the respective samples. Eight mycoviruses were detected, including three potential novel species in the Narnaviridae family, as well as in the proposed Mycobunyaviridae and Fusagraviridae families. A large collection of Botryosphaeriaceae isolates was screened using RT-PCR assays specific for 20 Botryosphaeriaceae-infecting mycoviruses. Among the mycoviruses detected, some appeared to be specialists within a single host species, while others infected isolates belonging to multiple Botryosphaeriaceae species. This screening allowed us to conclude that one-third of the Botryosphaeriaceae isolates were infected by at least one mycovirus, and a significant proportion of isolates (43.5%) were found to be coinfected by several viruses, with very complex RNA mycoviromes for some N. parvum isolates.

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“…Viruses that inhabit fungi, i.e. mycoviruses, are hosted by a wide range of fungal taxa (Hough et al 2023). The high phylogenetic diversity of mycoviruses is reflected by their current classification into 10 double-stranded (ds) RNA families, one unclassified dsRNA genus, 15 single-stranded (ss) RNA families and one ssDNA family (https://ictv.global/), and many novel taxa are awaiting description.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and impact of single-stranded RNA viruses in CzechHeterobasidionpopulations

Dálya,

Černý,

de la Peña

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato comprises some of the most devastating conifer pathogens conifers. Exploring virocontrol as a potential strategy to mitigate economic losses caused by these fungi holds promise for the future. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive screening for viruses in a 98 H. annosum s.l. specimens from different regions of Czechia aiming to identify viruses inducing hypovirulence. Initial examination for dsRNA presence was followed by RNA-Seq analyses using pooled RNA libraries constructed from H. annosum and Heterobasidion parviporum, with diverse bioinformatic pipelines employed for virus discovery. Our study uncovered 25 distinct ssRNA viruses, including two ourmia-like viruses, one mitovirus, one fusarivirus, one tobamo-like virus, one cogu-like virus, one bisegmented narna-like virus and one segment of another narna-like virus, and 17 ambi-like viruses, for which hairpin and hammerhead ribozymes were detected. Coinfections of up to 10 viruses were observed in six Heterobasidion isolates, while another six harbored a single virus. 73% of the isolates analyzed by RNA-Seq were virus-free. These findings show that the virome of Heterobasidion populations in Czechia is highly diverse and differs from that in the boreal region. We further investigated the host effects of certain identified viruses through comparisons of the mycelial growth rate and proteomic analyses and found that certain tested viruses caused growth reductions of up to 22% and significant alterations in the host proteome profile. Their intraspecific transmission rates ranged from 0% to 33%. Further studies are needed to fully understand the biocontrol potential of these viruses in planta.

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Fungal Viruses Unveiled: A Comprehensive Review of Mycoviruses

Cited by 50 publications

References 439 publications

Diversity of RNA viruses in declining Mediterranean forests

Diversity of RNA viruses in declining Mediterranean forests

Characterization of the RNA Mycovirome Associated with Grapevine Fungal Pathogens: Analysis of Mycovirus Distribution and Their Genetic Variability within a Collection of Botryosphaeriaceae Isolates

Diversity and impact of single-stranded RNA viruses in CzechHeterobasidionpopulations

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