Fungi ahoy! Diversity on marine wooden substrata in the high North

Rämä, Teppo; Nordén, Jenni; Davey, Marie L.; Mathiassen, Geir; Spatafora, Joseph W.; Kauserud, Håvard

doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2013.12.002

Cited by 90 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Whether these were able to degrade cellulose remains to be shown, as none of our ITS sequences had perfect match to cultivated strains. Nevertheless, our data give a rare indication of fungal sunken wood colonization in the sea and add to recent reports of high fungal diversity on sea floor logs (Rämä et al, 2014). Deeper in the wood, where oxygen disappears, anaerobic fermenters belonging to Spirochaeta, Bacterioidales and Vibrionales probably take advantage of the sugar released from the cellulose.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Cellulose breakdown is likely of bacterial origin as illustrated by the presence of cellulose degrading Clostridiales (Ljungdahl and Eriksson, 1985;Shiratori et al, 2006), but fungi, the major wood degrader in terrestrial environment (Ljungdahl and Eriksson, 1985;Raghukumar, 2008), could also participate in the process. We were able to directly detect fungi and to assign them to fungal groups without using long incubations (Azevedo et al, 2010;Pang et al, 2011) or culture methods (Rämä et al, 2014). Whether these were able to degrade cellulose remains to be shown, as none of our ITS sequences had perfect match to cultivated strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Cellulose could be hydrolyzed into simple sugars by bacteria or fungi. Marine fungi have the potential to degrade cellulose and lignin (Raghukumar et al, 1994;Pointing et al, 1998), but their presence on marine wood falls has rarely been documented (Raghukumar, 2012;Rämä et al, 2014). Simple sugars will in turn be fermented to small carbon molecules that could then be used by sulfate reducers and methanogens, which represent the last step of the anaerobic degradation of organic matter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal and spatial constraints on community assembly during microbial colonization of wood in seawater

et al. 2015

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Wood falls on the ocean floor form chemosynthetic ecosystems that remain poorly studied compared with features such as hydrothermal vents or whale falls. In particular, the microbes forming the base of this unique ecosystem are not well characterized and the ecology of communities is not known. Here we use wood as a model to study microorganisms that establish and maintain a chemosynthetic ecosystem. We conducted both aquaria and in situ deep-sea experiments to test how different environmental constraints structure the assembly of bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities. We also measured changes in wood lipid concentrations and monitored sulfide production as a way to detect potential microbial activity. We show that wood falls are dynamic ecosystems with high spatial and temporal community turnover, and that the patterns of microbial colonization change depending on the scale of observation. The most illustrative example was the difference observed between pine and oak wood community dynamics. In pine, communities changed spatially, with strong differences in community composition between wood microhabitats, whereas in oak, communities changed more significantly with time of incubation. Changes in community assembly were reflected by changes in phylogenetic diversity that could be interpreted as shifts between assemblies ruled by species sorting to assemblies structured by competitive exclusion. These ecological interactions followed the dynamics of the potential microbial metabolisms accompanying wood degradation in the sea. Our work showed that wood is a good model for creating and manipulating chemosynthetic ecosystems in the laboratory, and attracting not only typical chemosynthetic microbes but also emblematic macrofaunal species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal and spatial constraints on community assembly during microbial colonization of wood in seawater

et al. 2015

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“…marchalianum), Tricellula ornithomorpha and several species of Fusarium. Well after Ingold's (1942) foundational paper, aquatic hyphomycetes have continued to be reported from terrestrial habitats (e.g., from roots, Waid, 1954; or from fallen Eucalyptus wood, Price and Talbot, 1966), with studies regularly discovering new niches together with potential mechanisms of persistence, dispersal and colonization of substrata out of rivers. A major breakthrough was Bandoni's (1972) method of flooding leaves collected from soil with sterile water.…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spores or mycelia of aquatic hyphomycetes may also be carried on or in actively moving animals (e.g., in guts of leafeating invertebrates; B€ arlocher, 1981; conidia of Te. setigerum have been documented on a collembola; Price and Talbot, 1966).…”

Section: Lentic and Estuarine Habitats E Stressed Freshwatersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the water column: aquatic hyphomycetes outside their preferred habitat

et al. 2016

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b s t r a c tAquatic hyphomycetes have adapted to running waters by their uncommon conidial shape, which facilitates dispersal as well as adherence to plant substrata. However, they have been early and regularly reported to occur in a variety of environments other than their preferred habitat (e.g., in lentic freshwaters, brackish and marine environments, in terrestrial niches such as stream banks, dew, canopy waters and tree holes). In addition, several aquatic hyphomycetes have adapted to a mutualistic lifestyle which may involve plant defence, as endophytes in leaves, gymnosperm needles, orchids and terrestrial roots.There are several lines of evidence suggesting that aquatic hyphomycetes survive under terrestrial conditions due to their sexual states. Although exhibiting higher diversity in pristine streams, aquatic hyphomycetes can survive environmental stress, e.g., pollution or river intermittency. They also inhabit ground and hyporheic waters, where they appear to be subjected to both physical and physiological selection. Appropriate methods including molecular ones should provide a more comprehensive view of the occurrence and ecological roles of aquatic hyphomycetes outside their preferred habitat.

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Rivers in the Landscape

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Fungi ahoy! Diversity on marine wooden substrata in the high North

Cited by 90 publications

References 46 publications

Temporal and spatial constraints on community assembly during microbial colonization of wood in seawater

Temporal and spatial constraints on community assembly during microbial colonization of wood in seawater

Beyond the water column: aquatic hyphomycetes outside their preferred habitat

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