Fungi and Biotechnology

Carlile, M. J.; Watkinson, Sarah C.; Gooday, Graham W.

doi:10.1016/b978-012738445-0/50025-3

Cited by 80 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…As mentioned earlier, an indirect biogenic origin involving organic nanofibres originating from cell wall material has already been suggested in the past (Klappa, 1979;Cailleau et al, 2009a;Bindschedler et al, 2010). Indeed, the cell walls of fungi, as well as of plants, are a potential source of organic nanofibres, as fibrous polymers are common components of both types of organisms (Carlile et al, 2001;Paul, 2007).…”

Section: Involvement Of An Organic Templatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, other authors have already put forward the hypothesis of an indirect biogenic origin, involving "organic nanofibres coming from a cell wall" (Klappa, 1979;Cailleau et al, 2009a;Bindschedler et al, 2010). Both fungi and plants harbour a cell wall composed partly of fibrous polymers and thus can be a source of organic nanofibres (Carlile et al, 2001;Paul, 2007).…”

Section: S Bindschedler Et Al: Unravelling the Enigmatic Origin Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When discussing both types indifferently, the term "nanofibres" alone is used. Based on the fact that strong evidence exists to support the fungal origin of NFC, Bindschedler et al (2010) propose that these organic nanofibres might originate from fibrillar components of fungal origin, such as nanofibrous material of the fungal cell wall (chitin and/or β-1,3-glucan; Carlile et al, 2001). They further propose that these organic nanofibres, when exposed to fluids saturated towards calcite, can be mineralized and thus become calcitic nanofibres.…”

Section: S Bindschedler Et Al: Unravelling the Enigmatic Origin Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unravelling the enigmatic origin of calcitic nanofibres in soils and caves: purely physicochemical or biogenic processes?

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Calcitic nanofibres are ubiquitous habits of secondary calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) accumulations observed in calcareous vadose environments. Despite their widespread occurrence, the origin of these nanofeatures remains enigmatic. Three possible mechanisms fuel the debate: (i) purely physicochemical processes, (ii) mineralization of rod-shaped bacteria, and (iii) crystal precipitation on organic templates. Nanofibres can be either mineral (calcitic) or organic in nature. They are very often observed in association with needle fibre calcite (NFC), another typical secondary CaCO 3 habit in terrestrial environments. This association has contributed to some confusion between both habits, however they are truly two distinct calcitic features and their recurrent association is likely to be an important fact to help understanding the origin of nanofibres. In this paper the different hypotheses that currently exist to explain the origin of calcitic nanofibres are critically reviewed. In addition to this, a new hypothesis for the origin of nanofibres is proposed based on the fact that current knowledge attributes a fungal origin to NFC. As this feature and nanofibres are recurrently observed together, a possible fungal origin for nanofibres which are associated with NFC is investigated. Sequential enzymatic digestion of the fungal cell wall of selected fungal species demonstrates that the fungal cell wall can be a source of organic nanofibres. The obtained organic nanofibres show a striking morphological resemblance when compared to their natural counterparts, emphasizing a fungal origin for part of the organic nanofibres observed in association with NFC. It is further hypothesized that these organic nanofibres may act as templates for calcite nucleation in a biologically influenced mineralization process, generating calcitic nanofibres. This highlights the possible involvement of fungi in CaCO 3 biomineralization processes, a role still poorly documented. Moreover, on a global scale, the organomineralization of organic nanofibres into calcitic nanofibres might be an overlooked process deserving more attention to specify its impact on the biogeochemical cycles of both Ca and C.

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Section: Involvement Of An Organic Templatementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: S Bindschedler Et Al: Unravelling the Enigmatic Origin Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: S Bindschedler Et Al: Unravelling the Enigmatic Origin Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unravelling the enigmatic origin of calcitic nanofibres in soils and caves: purely physicochemical or biogenic processes?

et al. 2014

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“…However, dynamics are also likely affected by the beetle's fungal complement. The two mutualistic fungi of the beetle, G. clavigera and O. montium, like the beetles, are extremely sensitive to temperature, which strongly affects their ability to capture resources (food, space, and hosts), reproduce, and compete with other fungi (Carlile et al 2001). Temperature also strongly affects the relative prevalence of the two fungi with the host beetle (Six and Bentz 2007;Rice et al 2008).…”

Section: Anthropogenic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic effects on interaction outcomes: examples from insect-microbial symbioses in forest and savanna ecosystems

et al. 2011

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The influence of humans on ecosystem dynamics has been, and continues to be, profound. Anthropogenic effects are expected to amplify as human populations continue to increase. Concern over these effects has given rise to a large number of studies focusing on impacts of human activities on individual species or on biotic community structure and composition. Lacking are studies on interactions, particularly mutualisms. Because of the role of mutualisms in ecosystem stability, such studies are critically needed if we are to begin to better understand and predict the responses of ecosystems to anthropogenic change. Most organisms are involved in at least one mutualism, and many in several. Mutualisms facilitate the ability of partners to exploit particular habitats and resources, and play a large role in determining ecological boundaries. When change disrupts, enhances, or introduces new organisms into a mutualism, the outcome and stability of the original partnership(s) is altered as are effects of the symbiosis on the community and ecosystem as a whole. In this paper, using examples from six microbe-insect mutualisms in forest and savanna settings, we showcase how varied and complex the responses of mutualisms can be to an equally varied set of anthropogenic influences. We also show how alterations of mutualisms may ramify throughout affected systems. We stress that researchers must be cognizant that many observed changes in the behaviors, abundances, and distributions of organisms due to human activities are likely to be mediated by mutualists which may alter predictions and actual outcomes in significant ways.

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“…Such a pH profile has been already reported for A. oryzae by Malvessi and Silveira (2004) and Fontana et al (2009) and is probably associated with the metabolism of the fungus itself. According to Carlile and Watkinson (1997), the medium pH in fungus cultivation is affected by the formation and consumption of organic acids, absorption of the nitrogen source and release of H + ions.…”

Section: Endo-and Exo-polygalacturonase Production In Medium Containimentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of pectin, glucose, and pH on the production of endo- and exo-polygalacturonase by Aspergillus oryzae in liquid medium

Fontana

Silveira

2012

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-Endo-and exo-polygalacturonase (PG) production by Aspergillus oryzae IPT 301 was evaluated in a batch bioreactor in media containing 0, 10, and 20 g.L -1 pectin and 0 to 30 g.L -1 glucose. For cultivations in which the pH was not controlled, the use of 20 g.L -1 pectin and 10 g.L -1 glucose resulted in superior enzyme activities compared to control media with 0 and 10 g.L -1 of the inducer and the same glucose concentration. Maximum endo-PG and exo-PG activities were 125.0 and 76.3 U.mL -1 , respectively. For cultivations in which the pH was controlled to a minimum value of 2.7, media containing 20 g.L -1 pectin and 20 to 50 g.L -1 glucose were tested and significant improvement of both activities was attained. Maximum enzyme activities (175.0 U.mL -1 for endo-PG and 103.0 U.mL -1 for exo-PG) were obtained in pH-controlled batch experiments with 30 g.L -1 glucose.

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Fungi and Biotechnology

Cited by 80 publications

References 10 publications

Unravelling the enigmatic origin of calcitic nanofibres in soils and caves: purely physicochemical or biogenic processes?

Unravelling the enigmatic origin of calcitic nanofibres in soils and caves: purely physicochemical or biogenic processes?

Anthropogenic effects on interaction outcomes: examples from insect-microbial symbioses in forest and savanna ecosystems

Influence of pectin, glucose, and pH on the production of endo- and exo-polygalacturonase by Aspergillus oryzae in liquid medium

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